페미니즘, 레즈비언/퀴어 이론, 트랜스젠더리즘 사이의 긴장과 중첩
The Tension and Overlap between Feminism, Lesbian/Queer Theory, and Transgenderism
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This article problematizes mutual exclusions and oppositions among critical gender discourses and suggests a productive coalition of feminism, lesbianism, queer and transgender politics. I call attention to the interconnections in history of feminism, lesbianism, queer theory, and transgenderism(FLQT), while investigating race, class, and generational politics that have structured and exacerbated schisms between critical gender theories. The antagonism to other gender theories stems from exclusive territorialization and stereotyping. The fixed demarcation of the discourse and politics of these bodies of theory denies their common grounds and erases the internal diversity and nuance of each. In addition, the practice of stereotyping other gender theories as oppositional only simplifies and totalizes their divergent and rich arguments. For instance, many lesbian-feminists attack queer theory as apolitical and gay- centric and view transgenderism as gender-conforming and individualistic. FLQT have actually racial, class, generational conflicts rather than fundamental, incompatible collisions of theoretical positionalities. Some white, middle- class feminists have ignored the co-existence and intersections of FLQT and disguised their racist, classist, and transphobic epistemology and practices as a "true feminism" so as to invalidate other theories. To integrate fruitful achievements of FLQT, it is necessary to reconsider the limited conception of gender predicated on the binary gender. Also, if we recognize various meanings and layers of gender by refining gender terminology, FLQT can cooperate in offering a more comprehensive gender theory that simultaneously concerns sexism and genderism and explicates diverse gender oppressions.
Abstract
This article problematizes mutual exclusions and oppositions among critical gender discourses and suggests a productive coalition of feminism, lesbianism, queer and transgender politics. I call attention to the interconnections in history of feminism, lesbianism, queer theory, and transgenderism(FLQT), while investigating race, class, and generational politics that have structured and exacerbated schisms between critical gender theories. The antagonism to other gender theories stems from exclusive territorialization and stereotyping. The fixed demarcation of the discourse and politics of these bodies of theory denies their common grounds and erases the internal diversity and nuance of each. In addition, the practice of stereotyping other gender theories as oppositional only simplifies and totalizes their divergent and rich arguments. For instance, many lesbian-feminists attack queer theory as apolitical and gay- centric and view transgenderism as gender-conforming and individualistic. FLQT have actually racial, class, generational conflicts rather than fundamental, incompatible collisions of theoretical positionalities. Some white, middle- class feminists have ignored the co-existence and intersections of FLQT and disguised their racist, classist, and transphobic epistemology and practices as a "true feminism" so as to invalidate other theories. To integrate fruitful achievements of FLQT, it is necessary to reconsider the limited conception of gender predicated on the binary gender. Also, if we recognize various meanings and layers of gender by refining gender terminology, FLQT can cooperate in offering a more comprehensive gender theory that simultaneously concerns sexism and genderism and explicates diverse gender oppressions.
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