『여성 공간』과 페미니즘 - 트랜스젠더 여성에 대한 배제를 중심으로 -
Women’s Place and Feminism- Focus on the Exclusion of Transgender Women -
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이 글에서는 트랜스젠더 여성들에 대한 배제와 혐오를 페미니즘의 이름으로 수행하는 분리주의 페미니즘과 그것이 표방하는 ‘여성 공간’의 정치학의 사례들을 통해 살펴보고, 이러한 분리주의 및 ‘여성 공간’의 정치학에서 나타나는 트랜스젠더 정체성에 대한 부인 혹은 왜곡을 비판적으로 분석한다. 지난 1월 한국사회에서 있었던 숙명여자대학교 예비신입생 A씨에 대한 ‘래디컬’ 페미니즘의 대응에서 나타난 ‘여성 공간’과 여성안전, 그리고 여성의 권리에 대한 주장, 그리고 그에 근거한 트랜스젠더 혐오의 정치학의 사례는 페미니즘에서 ‘여성’이 언제나 해석과 논쟁의 영역이자 갈등과 경합의 대상임을 보여준다. 성별 분리된 여성의 공간, 문화, 공동체, 실천으로부터 형성되는 페미니즘의 실천은 여성공동체가 갖는(다고 상상되는) 생물학적 동질성이나 그에 기반(한다고 주장되는) 공통의 경험 자체로서 비롯되는 것이 아니라 그러한 정체성과 경험을 재현하고 조직하는 정치적 선택과 실천의 효과로서 나타난다. 페미니즘의 이름으로 실천되는 트랜스젠더 여성들에 대한 배제와 혐오의 사례는 페미니즘과 성소수자 운동 간의 관계 뿐 아니라 페미니즘과 ‘여성’의 관계, 페미니즘 정치학의 개념이자 실천의 축으로서의 ‘젠더’와 ‘섹스’, 그리고 페미니즘의 과제로서의 평등하고 정의로운 성적 시민권에 대한 대안적 상상과 실천이 필요하고 긴급함을 보여준다.
Abstract
In this article, I examine how the practice of ‘women’s place’ in feminist history has shaped the conflicting relation between separatist feminism and transgender politics. In the time of suffragist movement, the ideology of women’s sphere and innate sexual difference were commonly deployed to justify women’s exclusion from the public sphere and citizenship. By the 1970s, and with the emergence of radical, cultural, and lesbian separatist feminist politics, ‘women’s place’ gained a new cultural meaning and political significance. As it became the central ground of women’s identity and feminist resistance against outer world of male violence and sexism, defining ‘who or what woman is’ became a critical and controversial question. The recent case of Sookmyung Women’s University and the self-claimed ‘radical’ feminist groups’ rally against transgender student’s admission proves that transphobic feminism is a critical issue to contemporary Korean young feminism. As we examine the past and present conflicts between separatist feminism and trans women, we come to understand that the category of ‘women’ is neither fixed or stable, but rather in incessant movement of reformulation and reconstitution through which feminist politics is refashioned. Accordingly, the case of transphobic feminism offers us a critical pedagogic moment in which we come to question the futurity of feminism in relation to queer and transgender politics, the category of women, the relation between sex and gender, and the possibility of equal and just sexual citizenship in Korean society.
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