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중국 자본주의의 발전과 세계정치에서의 위상: '중국의 부상'을 둘러싼 논쟁과 시각

The Rise of China: Debates over China's Status in World Politics

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

이 글은 성공적인 개혁과 경제발전으로 인한 중국의 세계정치에서 위상 변화 또는 그에 대한 외부의 평가를 분석하는 데 목적을 두고 있는 바, 다음 세 가지 관점을 제시하고 있다. 첫째, 중국의 부상은 본질적으로 기존 국제질서에 대한 현상타파적 성격을 띠는 것으로서, 중국위협 여부를 둘러싼 논쟁은 학술적 시각의 차이보다는 미국과 중국 등 각각의 현실적 입장 차이를 반영하는 경향이 강하다. 둘째, 성공적인 개혁개방과 고속 경제성장의 결과만이 아니라, 전체주의적 정치체제와 자본주의 시장경제의 공존이라는 특징은 서구 사회가 중국의 부상을 부정적으로 인식하게 하는 중요한 요인이 된다. 셋째, 중미간 갈등의 이면에는 서구식 가치관(서구중심주의)과 중국식 논리(중화민족주의)의 충돌이 내재되어 있는바, 양자간에는 전략적 이해관계의 충돌을 예방하고 완화하는 것 못지 않게, 가치관의 대립을 해소하고 축소할 수 있는 대안의 모색을 위한 노력이 요구된다.

Abstract

This article aims to analyze “how international society has evaluated the rise of China’s status in world politics since its reform and open-door policy.” It presents three main points as follows. First, the increase in China’s influence in international affairs arouses intense debates among policy analysts; however, their discussions usually reflect potential strategic dilemma rather than pure academic opinions. Second, China’s economic growth of over 9% per year has been achieved under the one-party dominance in politics. Therefore, many western scholars come to “judge” the rise of China in a critical and negative context. Third, the longstanding disputes between China and the United States might have been from latent clashes between the sinoꠏnationalism and the euroꠏcentrism. To overcome such problems, more efforts should be made to moderate the conflict over senses of value as well as to prevent the conflict over national interests.

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