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중국 자본주의의 특성과 발전 전망

Features of Chinese Capitalism and Its Developmental Perspective

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초록

세계 2위의 경제대국으로 부상한 중국 경제의 동력을 이해하기 위해서는 중국 체제의 특수성에 대한 이해는 필수적이다. 소위 자본주의 전형과정에서 등장한 이러한 특수성은 개별 제도에 대한 부분적 이해를 넘어 자본주의 발전의 보편적 구조 속에서 분석함으로써 중국 자본주의 특성을 자본주의 발전의 다양성 중의 하나로 설명하고자 한다. 이 글에서는 중국 자본주의를 자본주의의 특수한 변종인 국가자본주의 형태로 파악하되, 중국 자본주의가 지니는 보편적 특성을 이해하기 위해 경제를 지원하는 정치 시스템, 기업조직과 경쟁양식, 코포라티즘적 지배구조와 노사관계, 금융시스템과 화폐관계, 세계경제에서의 지위와 같은 자본주의의 구조적 특성을 중심으로 중국 자본주의의 변형과정을 설명하려고 시도한다. 이러한 설명에 기초하여 마지막으로 세계시장에서 중국자본주의의 발전 전망을 모색하고자 한다.

Abstract

It is necessary to make out the specific features of Chinese system for understanding dynamics of Chinese economy emerging second biggest economic nation. These features coming from the transformation process of capitalism explains should be explained as one of the possible way of varieties of capitalism by analysing them in the general structure of capitalistic development beyond the partial understanding for individual institutions. I will try to grasp the Chinese capitalism as a form of state capitalism(as a variety of special capitalism), and, at the same time, try to explain the transformation process of China with the structural characteristics like political system sponsoring economy, corporate organization and form of competitiveness, corporate governance and industrial relationship, Finance system and monetary relations, position on the world market. Based on this analysis, we will explore the developmental perspective of the Chinese capitalism on the world market.

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