과학은 인간이 될 수 있는가?: 뇌과학의 비인간과 슬라보예 지젝의 비인간적 과학의 주체 독해
Can Science be Human?: Nonhuman Brain Science and Slavoj Žižek’s Inhuman Reading of the Subject of Science
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본 논문은 과학이 윤리적이 되는 방식을 고찰한다. 첫째는 인간이 자연을 이성적으 로 이해함으로써 인간과 자연의 합일을 추구하는 경우다(윌슨). 둘째는 인간의 의식 을 물질의 층위로 환원함으로써 인간과 자연이 비인간주의적으로 하나되는 경우다 (뇌과학). 셋째는 과학의 주체가 그 자신의 이성적 자연 이해를 죽음충동 속에서 내 파시키는 경우다(지젝). 마지막 접근법은 첫 번째 접근법의 이면으로서 코기토가 작 동하는 무의식적 방식을 드러낸다. 동시에 제2의 자연으로부터 실재의 신을 불러내 어 비인간주의를 구현한다는 점에서 물질에 내재적으로 접근하는 두 번째 접근법과 도 구별된다. 본 논문의 주장은 인간과 자연이 로고스의 층위에서 하나되는 동시에 인간의 실존이 실재의 신으로 변형되는 곳에서 비인간적 윤리가 발견된다는 것이다.
Abstract
This essay examines ways in which science becomes ehtical in relation to the human. The first is found in Edward Wilson’s concept of consilience, the case in which man as the subject of science aims to achieve the unity of man and nature by way of the rational human understanding of nature. The second is found in today’s brain science which tries to reduce human consciousness to matter, thereby aiming to achieve the nonhuman unity of the human and nature within the realm of the primary nature. The third is found in Slavoj Žižek’s reading of the Cartesian subject of science as a self-destructive instance of death drive which arises from within the scientific logic. The third approach is the other side of the first approach, which pursues the unity of man and nature via Logos, in that it shows how the cogito turns out to be the subject of the unconscious. The third one also differs from the second one, whose nonhuman aspect comes from its purely immanent approach to matter, in that it emphasizes the inhuman side of the cogito by bringing forth the God of the Real from within Logos. The argument of this essay is that science become ethical, not simply when the human and science are reconciled in the name of Logos, but when the existential, which is lost with the advent of science, returns in the form of the inhuman, the God of the Real.
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