신경윤리학의 위상학
The topology of neuroethics
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초록
이 글은 오늘날 신경과학의 발달과 함께 생겨난 ‘신경윤리학’이 생명윤리학과의 관계에서 어떤 위상을 갖는지를 고찰한다. 신경윤리학은 종래의 생명윤리학이나 유전자윤리학의 문제의식을 반복한다는 점에서 생명윤리학과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 그러나 인지신경과학이 의식, 자유의지, 도덕적 판단의 생물학적 기초를 제공해 준다는 점에서 신경윤리학의 문제의식은 생명윤리학이나 유전자윤리학의 문제의식과는 다른 새로운 것이다. ‘새롭다’는 이 말을 화두로 삼아 우리는 논의를 전개하는데, 그 내용은 다음과 같다. 먼저 2장에서는 신경과학의 발달과 관련하여 새로움에 도전하는 신경윤리학의 입장을 살펴본다. 여기서 주제는 뇌 영상 기술의 발전과 관련한 프라이버시의 문제, 정신약물 기술에 의한 뇌 강화 프로그램의 윤리적 문제, 인지신경과학이 종래의 인문학(특히 윤리학과 법학)에 던지는 함의 등이다. 3장에서는 신경윤리학의 개념을 규정하고 범위를 정하는 문제가 초미의 관심사이다. 여기서는 위에서 말한 신경윤리학과 생명윤리학의 관계 설정 문제가 논쟁의 핵심을 이룬다. 4장에서는 신경윤리학의 자연주의적 성격을 다룬다. 여기서 우리는 윤리적 자연주의가 어떻게 ‘자연주의적 오류 문제’를 극복해 가는지를 논증한다.
Abstract
This Thesis is a study on the topology of neuroethics in relation with bioethics. Neuroethics is a new area of bioethics that is formed with the development of neuroscience recently. Some ethical problems of bioethics are involved again in the fields of neuroethics, but there are something new in the neuroethical question, for example, such as a research of cognitive neuroscience about biological foundation of consciousness, free will. moral judgement etc. We reveal what 'new' is in the fields of neuroethics from the discussion as follow: First, we see some ethical challenges resulted from the development of neuroscience, such as the brain imaging technology and the problems of privacy, pharmacology of brain enhancement and ELSI program, ethical-legal implication of the research of cognitive neuroscience about human consciousness. Second, we try to study how to be developed the conceptual meaning of neuroethics and its perspective in the history of bioethics. That is important for us to construct the relation between neuroethics and bioethics. Third, we explain the naturalistic character of neuroethics and how to overcome the 'naturalistic fallacy' in bioethics.
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