지구의 짐: 인류세 담론의 과학과 신화
The Earth’s burden: Science and myths behind Anthropocene debates
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초록
최근의 인류세 논쟁은 인간을 지질학적 행위자로 인식하는 계기가 되었지만 역사적 배경과 정치적 함의에 대해 이견을 보이고 있다. 키플링의 제국주의를 모티브로 삼아 인류세의 시점과 시공간적 배경 및 정치적 함의를 초학제적으로 조망하고자 한다. 지질학자는 핵실험에서 유래한 방사능 같은 지층 기록과 인간 활동이 일치하는 시기를 찾지만, 인간 행위의 역사적 동인과 변동을 파악하지 못한다. 키플링의 미국 서부 여행지는 신의 소명을 실천한다는‘ 백인의 짐’이 자연과 인간을 자본 축적의 도구로 전락시킨‘ 문명의 짐’이자 지속가능성을 위협하는‘ 지구의 짐’으로 진화하는 과정을 보여준다. 지구가 상품화할 수 없는 커먼즈라는 인식을 공유하고‘ 생태적 부채’를 청산하는 정치적 해법을 모색해야‘ 포스트-인류세’를 상상할수 있다.
Abstract
Recent debates on the Anthropocene have provided opportunities to recognize humans as geological agents, yet leaving large disagreements on the historical context and political implications of the Anthropocene. Using Kipling’s imperialism as a leitmotiv, this cross-disciplinary review aims to crisscross a broad spectrum of discourses on the demarcation, spatiotemporal backgrounds, and political implications of the Anthropocene. Geologists search for the periods when stratigraphic records such as radioactive isotopes derived from nuclear bomb tests concur with attributable human activities, without offering a clear understanding of the historical force and development of those human activities. The American west travelled by Kipling provides a venue for the transformations from the ‘White Man’s burden’ as God’s calling to the ‘Civilization’s burden’ expropriating the nature and humans as tools for capital accumulation to the ‘Earth’s burden’ threatening the biosphere sustainability. Crisscrossing across the time and space of the Anthropocene suggests that recognizing the Earth as commons, not commodities, combined with political actions required for relieving ‘ecological debts’, would facilitate imagining the ‘Post-Anthropocene’.
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