인류세와 역사학의 미래 -디페시 차크라바르티의 논의를 중심으로 -
The Anthropocene and the Future of History: The Implications of Dipesh Chakrabarty’s Theoretical Work
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이 글은 자연과학자들의 인류세 가설과 인문학인 역사학 사이의 비판적 우호 관계가 절실하다는 전제에서 출발한다. 인류세 가설을 제기하고 주도하고 있는 분야는 단연 지구체계과학이다. 이 글에서 필자는 먼저 지구체계과학이라는 분야의 성격과 특징 그리고 인류세 가설을 철학적 인간학의 차원에서 해석하는 역사가 디페시 차크라바르티의 논의에 주목할 것이다. 차크라바르티의 경우는 지구체계과학과 역사학을 위시한 인문학 사이의 우호적인 대화가 새로운 전망을 열 가능성을 잘 보여주기 때문이다. 다음으로 필자는 차크라바르티가 제시한 인류세의 철학적 인간학을 기반으로 세 가지 새로운 인류세 역사학의 가능성을 타진해 볼 것이다. 차크라바르티가 선보인 인류세 역사는 이론적 차원에 머물러 있지만, 인류세 시대 역사학의 미래를 고민하는 역사학자라면 반드시 씨름해야 할 곤경과 난점을 누구보다도 잘 드러내고 있다. 차크라바르티의 이론적 논의에 담겨 있는 곤경과 난점은 인류세 자체의 곤경과 난점이기도 하다.
Abstract
This article starts from the premise that a critical friendship between the Anthropocene hypothesis of natural scientists and humanist history is urgently needed. The field of Earth System science is arguably the most prominent and leading proponent of the Anthropocene hypothesis. In this article, I will focus first on the nature and characteristics of the field of Earth System science and then on historian Dipesh Chakrabarty's interpretation of the Anthropocene hypothesis in terms of philosophical anthropology. Chakrabarty's case illustrates the potential for a friendly dialogue between the Earth System sciences and the humanities, especially history, to open up new perspectives. Next, I will explore the possibilities of three new Anthropocene histories based on Chakrabarty's philosophical anthropology of the Anthropocene. While Chakrabarty's Anthropocene histories remain at the theoretical level, it does highlight the challenges and difficulties that historians must grapple with when considering the future of history in the Anthropocene. The predicaments and difficulties in Chakrabarty's theoretical discussion are also the predicaments and difficulties of the Anthropocene itself.
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