瞿秋白의 동방문화관 탐색— 1920년대 초반 논술을 중심으로

Abstract

Based on Marxist materialism, Qu Qiubai criticized Eastern cultural group who attempted to deny the historical development of society and return to old ethics. It is his mission to build a new culture for all mankind in the face of conflict between Western capitalist culture and Eastern ethics and morality. But he did not completely deny Eastern culture. Culture is a matter of the subject’s attitude and method, and the creation of a new culture was also to reestablish the subject’s ethics and morals. At this time, the particularity of the East was related to the construction of a new culture. Debating with Eastern culturalists, Qu Qiubai pointed out the errors of anti-state and anti-capitalist views in the light of the historical materialism and, criticized Eastern culural group for asking to return old ethics and old system. Instead he suggested the popularization of benovelence, righteous and morality as a new culture. Qu Qiubai noted the possibility of peasants under particular circumstances in China. In the past, peasants, who occupied the majority of the population, were subordinates to the gentry for the sake of their private interests. Quchubai wanted to separate them from the former ruling class, gentry. He tried to separate the peasants and the gentry not only economically and socially but also ethically and morally. Qu Qiubai demanded that the peasants overcome the limitations of the petit bourgeois and move away from the old ethics of loyalty to the sovereign(忠君) and filial obedience(孝順). He also demanded them to organize and unite in an active(積極), courageous(勇進), rebellious(反抗), uplifting(興奮) spirit for the benefit of humanity including the peasants itself. The establishment of this new morality of the peasants promoted the revolution of the proletarian class in solidarity with the working class, which in turn realized the real liberation of mankind.