1920년대 초반 중국 사회주의 인식의 변화

Abstract

The May Fourth Movement was a kind of anti-political movement that could reform ‘society’ with new morality and new culture, while it was a political revolution to build a nation state in China. It had conflicting two aspect, one was the social movement aiming at western modernization of culture and morality, the other was more conservative tendency to revive traditional Chinese morality and culture in order to cure ills of western modernization. At that time socialism in China had been taken for anarchism, syndicalism and guild-socialism. These kind of socialism accorded closely with the end of New Culture Movement, that provide China with new morality and culture for social reform. But while May Fourth Movement was in decline, Soviet Russia itself and its society, socialism, socialistic culture and morality had came up as the third way for social reform. Failing to realize ideal in real world, Qu Qiubai’s own intellectual growth was in stalemate, in addition he was existentially at stake, as the gentry which he belonged to, collapsed to be vanished in ‘soceity’ not existing in the old dynastic system of China. Qu Qiubai headed for Soviet Russia in order to find out new way for survival of Chinese society as well as to make breakthrough for personal survival. He thought it needed to comprehend ‘society’ for survival and the best way to comprehend it was to approach it with subjective emotion and psychology in response it as the environment around the subject, not with science and philosophy. So he wrote down lots of experiences in Soviet Russia by literary travelogue which, he thought, was appropriate to express emotion and psychology. He reviewed social psychology, that is culture and morality of various class in Soviet Russia to foster a hope from the proletariat who could reconcile its interest with that of whole society. And he thought that Chinese people as a nation could create new culture and morality which breakdown broker culture of the West and the silence of the East, and, as an child of eastern culture, presumed his mission to participate in establishing these culture and morality.