天主와 理氣의 관점에서 본 동학과 서학의 사상적 접변 양상

Abstract

This paper tried to clarify the stalemate aspect between the Lord of Heaven[天主] and principle and material force of Matteo Ricci and Choi, Jewoo according to the viewpoint of meeting and collision of eastern and western thought. First of all, Matteo Ricci emphasized characteristic being omnipresent in all things and simultaneously transcending and cultivating things as the efficient and final cause having the status of the self-reliant existence which becomes the ultimate cause of all things through the Lord of Heaven. On the other hand, the Lord of Heaven Choi, Jewoo said has a necessary connection with material force by being inherent in things with numen of supreme vitality[至氣]. Also, while principle in Matteo Ricci is relier which depends on the substantive thing as simple attribute doesn’t having numinous perception ability and control power, material force is existence produced and dissipated as attribute with material feature constituting thing. Summing up, in Matteo Ricci correlation between the Lord of Heaven and principle & material force is only an accidental relationship less any sort of necessary connection. Whereas in Choi, Jewoo principle means an immutable law such as movements of yin and yang and growth and extinction, filling and emptiness of nature transcending the moral world of man. But supreme vitality has autonomous motility and control including the efficient cause and the final cause and has necessary relationship with it by becoming the inherent substance of the Lord of Heaven. In brief, the theory of Matteo Ricci’s the Lord of Heaven and principle & material force emphasized direction of p​rogress upwards[上達] through which one participates in integrity of heaven world by defective and accidental things emulating the Lord of Heaven as idea of complete goodness carried by grace. While in Choi, Jewoo supreme vitality[至氣] as essence of the Lord of Heaven being brightly inherent in things, it can be embodied supreme vitality[至氣] as harmony vitality[和氣] through enshrinement of the Lord of Heaven[侍天主]. In this point, his theory of the Lord of Heaven and principle & material force is the world view that emphasizes p​rogress downwards[下達] at the meaning that the Lord of Heaven realizes supreme vitality through enshrinement of the Lord of Heaven. In this respect, Matteo Ricci and Choi, Jewoo’s the Lord of Heaven and principle & material force can be understood in an aspect of transcendence and immanence, coincidence and necessity, substance and attribute, independence and dependence, personality and impersonality. And in this standard world view of them can be ankylosed each other over alternation of mutual meaning horizon according to distinction of relative emphasis point.