마테오 리치의 天學과 性理學의 修養論 硏究 ─『天主實義』를 중심으로─

Abstract

Mateo Ricci has introduced the ethics of the science of Heaven centering on the Deus in『De Deo Verax Disputatio』. Ricci has presented serving Deus as a new concept of cultivation compared with serving Heaven of Confucianism. Ricci has presented a new subject and methods, and aim for cultivation on the basis of the science of Heaven-oriented theological system through the self-cultivation of serving Deus. Ricci presented the spirit which was compared with the mind of Confucianism as the subject of cultivation, Ricci has schematized the cultivation system of Confucianism and the science of Heaven differentiated as mind·nature - mercy - for self, spirit - love - for Deus. In the background of these structures of the self-cultivation of Confucianism and science of Heaven, describing the characteristics of Confucianism and cultivation of science of Heaven as present-inclination and future-inclination, self-completion and self-overcome, moral-practice and Deus-respect, recovery of real nature and training of nature studied, he has highlighted the distintion. In the argument for Ricci's self-cultivation, core point of self-cultivation is the Accommodationism-oriented relationship between mercy and love which were presented as the cultivation principle of Confucianism and science of Heaven. Ricci interpreted mercy in Confucianism as love in science of Heaven, then he has adopted it as the base of ideological contact point in self-cultivation of Confucianism and science of Heaven. However, on the one hand, differentiating the concept of mercy as the viewpoint of original Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism, Ricci has interpreted mercy as Deus-loving by understanding it as man-loving, on the other hand, he has criticized mercy of Neo-Confucianism on the basis of the theory that all things are one body. For Ricci, mercy is the mediation which joints the ethics of Confucianism and science of Heaven, it is also the comprizing concept securing the theological foundation of science of Heaven by trying the ideological transforming from the concept of cultivation of Confucianism to that of science of Heaven. Self-cultivation which Ricci has presented could be regarded as to be similar in respecting the Heaven and realizing the principle. However, as shown in the difference of methods in attaching more importance to the recovery or to the study in regard to the real nature, serving heaven and serving Deus has made a great difference in the understanding of the real nature of man and self-completion, in the understanding of the concept of Heaven·Deus, and in the ceremony of respecting Heaven·respecting Deus.