고려 초 지방제도 개편과 ‘主縣屬縣制度’의 성립

Abstract

After the dynastic foundation, the Goryeo government inherited the late Silla dynasty’s the local governing System based on hierarchic counties called ‘Juh-Gun-hyeon system(州郡縣制度)’, but it partially reorganized the local governance units according to political and military needs. The Goryeo government’s demarcation of county units was performed in 941(King Taejo’s 23th year) on the basis of local governing System’s reforms accumulated since the dynastic foundation. Establishment of the 12 Mok(牧) counties, dispatch of the local management to the 12 Mok counties and launch of the new local functionary system(鄕吏制度), all carried out in 983 (King Seongjong’s 2ndyear), were significant foundations on later consecutive reorganizations of local governing System. The 10Do(道) system and ‘Juhhyeon system(州縣制度)’s launch of 995 (King Seongjong’s 14thyear) were performed for the purpose of attaining centralized local governing System the Goryeo dynasty had aimed for since its foundation. King Hyeonjong made the new system named ‘Juhhyeon-Sokhyeon system(主縣屬縣制度)’ in 1018. This system revised local government System based on Juhhyeon(主縣, control county) and Sokhyeon(屬縣, subordinate county) structure. Those two local government Systems considerably succeeded to the late Silla’s experiences on managing local government System. Especially, the two systems revised ‘control and subordinate relations’ formed between counties since the late Silla period and the Goryeo government developed a unique local governing System through dispatching the local management on control counties. The ‘Juhhyeon-Sokhyeon system(主縣屬縣制度)’ of 1018 organized the ‘Juhhyeon-Sokhyeon unit(主縣屬縣單位)’ and dispatched the local management from the central government to the Juhhyeon(主縣, control county). It was the most important to decide which county should be a Juhhyeon(主縣, control county) when the government revised the control and subordinate relations between counties in the process of the 1018 ‘Juhhyeon-Sokhyeon system(主縣屬縣制度)’s establishment. Most of control counties designated by the central government in the 1018 reform had played the functions of main local place since the late Silla period, and some other control counties were the places which became militarily key strongholds after the foundation of Goryeo dynasty.