고종대 궁궐 내 현왕 어진봉안처의 변화와 ‘규장각’ 계승

Abstract

King Sukjong(肅宗) was the first king to build the King’s portrait house. After that, the tradition of erecting the King’s portrait house continued with King Gojong(高宗). King Gojong wanted to rule directly against Heungseon Daewongun(興宣大院君). In the process, Geoncheonggung(乾淸宮) was built to enshrine the portraits of the king. Geoncheonggung was a building that advocated the succession of ‘Kyujanggak(奎章閣)’. ‘Kyujanggak’ was a building built by King Jeongjo(正祖) in the backyard of Changdeokgung(昌德宮) Palace to enshrine the records of the previous kings. King Jeongjo enshrined his portrait here. And the Kyujanggakshin(奎章閣臣) took care of them. ‘Kyujanggak’ also served as a king’s library. For this reason, King Jeongjo kept the latest books in Kyujanggak. Since then, Kyujanggak has grown into an organization for the reformation of King Jeongjo. King Gojong continued to build houses with the same characteristics as ‘Kyujanggak’ in Changdeokgung(昌德宮) Palace and Gyeongbokgung(景福宮) Palace. Gwanmungak(觀文閣) and Jibokjae(集玉齋) were all houses that kept the portraits of the king. Also, these were the libraries that kept the latest books. King Gojong built Gwanmungak, a Western-style building, and Jibokjae, a Chinese- style building. This showed King Gojong’s will to enlighten. In this way, the foreign- style building that inherited ‘Kyujanggak’ connected the authority of the previous kings with the political orientation of King Gojong. Built during the Korean Empire(大韓帝國), Suokheon(漱玉軒) was the first Western- style building in Gyeongungung(慶運宮) Palace. This was also the building that succeeded ‘Kyujanggak’. Since then, many Western-style buildings have been built within Gyeongungung Palace. In addition, King Gojong enshrined a portrait of the emperor at the Punggyeonggung(豐慶宮) Palace in Pyongyang. The portrait of the emperor, produced in a traditional way, was enshrined in Pyongyang, a space that reveals the uniqueness of Korea through the history of Giza Joseon(箕子朝鮮). Through this, King Gojong wanted to have two capitals just like the modern western countries. In this way, King Gojong accepted the external form of Western civilization based on the tradition represented by the ‘Seonwang(先王)’. In this way, King Gojong wanted to show absolute imperial power. The king’s portrait and the building for the portrait symbolizes the king itself. From the time when King Gojong himself began to rule, he erected a building to enshrine his portraits. Through this, King Gojong showed his will to lead the operation of the state and for enlightenment. Even after the establishment of the Korean Empire, Gojong built the emperor’s portrait house. Through this, it was intended to show that the Korean Empire was equal to the modern Western state. At the same time, the people of the Korean Empire could see the divine emperor. However, fires continued to occur, politics was chaotic, and the international situation was unstable. However, Gojong built new buildings within the palace and built a new palace. Gojong continued to carry out civil works. It is difficult to say that this was an appropriate response to the crisis. Excessive attention and expense for the emperor's status only fueled national chaos in the end.