‘出宮門路’를 통해 본 고종의 景福宮 운영

Abstract

Management of Gyeongbokgung Palace by King Gojong : focused on Chulgung-munro (the Exit gate path) Ahn, Hee-gyeong When King Gojong would visit Jongmyo Shrine or Sajik to pay his respects at Gyeongmogung or Yuksanggung, Chulgung-munro(出宮門路, the Exit gate path) would be notified a day in advance. King Gojong would use the gate which was notified, except in cases where bad weather prevailed. The exit gate notified by King Gojong indicates the specific gate within Gyeongbokgung Palace and sometimes of the name of the path including the gate. King Gojong would prepare for his appearance behind the gate and would appear on a palanquin after the Tongrae announced the King's presence. Depending on the occasion, Hwangung-munro(還宮門路, the Return gate path) would be notified and would usually be the one from which was exited. After the notification on the gate to return & exit was made for an appearance within the palace, it was indicated that a place was necessary in the palace for an exit ritual. As the name of these paths implies, the exit gate path and the return gate path were the boundaries of Gyeongbokgung Palace for King Gojong. In this paper, I have focused on the exit gate path within the palace designated by King Jeong-jo, and King Gojong's awareness of space in Gyeongbokgung Palace, which was realized in the 『Bukguol figure』. During the research process to find the exit gate path, it came to my knowledge that the exit gate path was changed according to the movement of Pyunjeon(便殿, the King's council hall). At first, King Gojong had thought of the space among Geunjeongjeon(勤政殿, the Main hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace), Sajeongjeon and Sujeongjeon(思政殿·修政殿, the King's council hall) as a boundary of space division, but as Pyunjeon moves as well as the exit gate path, King Gojong's awareness of space changed. Pyunjeon of King Gojong was diversified due to the relationship with Empress Shinjeong, two fires, and the state affaires of King Gojong. The number of exit gate paths increased accordingly, which resulted in the realization of King Gojong's spacial awareness. In particular, when the available areas within the palace were limited by the fire and the northern part of Gyeongbokgung Palace which did not suffer from the fire had become Pyunjeon, the spatial awareness of King Gojong changed. According to the diversification of Pyunjeon, Sajeongjeon & Sujeongjeon which were built for Pyunjeon's purposes, had lost its designated function, and the establishment of Uijeongbu at Sujeongjeon during the Gabo Reform of 1894 created the situation far from conducive to the restoration of a King's power, as King Gojong had desired. Nevertheless, despite the lost function as Pyunjeon, Sajeong gate(思政門), placed in front of Sajeongjeon, was continuously used as an exit gate path, suggesting that King Gojong's awareness of space for the spacial division in the southern part of Gyeongbokgung Palace did not change. Because of Geunjeongjeon in front of Sajeongjeon, King Gojong could have utilized & changed the purpose of other buildings, except Geunjeongjeon which was a national symbolic icon to be reached after the ritual of exit. The space of Gyeongbokgung Palace recognized by King Gojong prior to the escape to the Russian legation through the exit gate path, are divided in boundaries, as Gunsunmun for the north, Mansimun-Suinmun-Onghwamun(萬始門-壽仁門-雍化門) for the west, Sungyangmun-Sajeongmun-Sungdukmun-Kyeinmun(崇陽門-思政門-崇德門-啓仁門)for the south, and Hyangoukmun-yeekukmun(嚮旭門-貳極門) for the east.