일본근대도시계획 형성에 미친 서구도시계획의 영향: 유형별 분석
Influences of the Western Urban Planning on the Making of Modern Urban Planning in Japan: an Typological Approach
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This article examines the influences of the western modern urban planning on the making of Japanese modern urban planning in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries by classifying them into the typology of men, experiences, and knowledges. As a result, it shows that the foreigners employed by Japanese government took part directly in the modern transformations of its streets, the experiences of Japanese visiting groups in Western countries influenced on the reconstruction works of its cities, and the knowledges related to the western modern urban planning which had been transmitted by the many ways realized the its modern urban planning and the related laws in the last analysis. Indeed, this classifications overlaps each other as well. The making of Ginza's brick street and the plan of concentration of the official buildings in Hibiya were promoted by the participation in person of foreigners, but its motivations were the western experiences of Japanese visiting groups. And the studying abroad which was important to the transmission of konwledges, also, was the experience on the western modern city. Nevertheless, this classification is important in that it shows more definitely the influences of the western modern urban planning on Japanese and Asian modern cities. However, this classification into three elements has the temporal aspect in the same time. In short, taken as a whole, the participations in person of foreigners and the firsthand experiences of Japanese on the western cities were the main tendency in the early phase of the active westernization by means of Meiji Restoration, but the information of the western modern urban planning transmitted in forms of the knowledge gradually more influenced than them as time passes. Consequently, it can be said that the influences of the western modern urban planning proceed the men and experiences to the knowledge in terms of time.
Abstract
This article examines the influences of the western modern urban planning on the making of Japanese modern urban planning in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries by classifying them into the typology of men, experiences, and knowledges. As a result, it shows that the foreigners employed by Japanese government took part directly in the modern transformations of its streets, the experiences of Japanese visiting groups in Western countries influenced on the reconstruction works of its cities, and the knowledges related to the western modern urban planning which had been transmitted by the many ways realized the its modern urban planning and the related laws in the last analysis. Indeed, this classifications overlaps each other as well. The making of Ginza's brick street and the plan of concentration of the official buildings in Hibiya were promoted by the participation in person of foreigners, but its motivations were the western experiences of Japanese visiting groups. And the studying abroad which was important to the transmission of konwledges, also, was the experience on the western modern city. Nevertheless, this classification is important in that it shows more definitely the influences of the western modern urban planning on Japanese and Asian modern cities. However, this classification into three elements has the temporal aspect in the same time. In short, taken as a whole, the participations in person of foreigners and the firsthand experiences of Japanese on the western cities were the main tendency in the early phase of the active westernization by means of Meiji Restoration, but the information of the western modern urban planning transmitted in forms of the knowledge gradually more influenced than them as time passes. Consequently, it can be said that the influences of the western modern urban planning proceed the men and experiences to the knowledge in terms of time.
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