이와쿠라 사절단의 프랑스 근대도시 체험과 인식
The Iwakura Embassy and Its Experience and Understanding of the French Modern Cities
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The Meiji Government sent a delegation of over 100 elite members of the administration, known as the Iwakura Embassy, to the Unites States of America and Europe from 1871 to 1873. The five-volume Iwakura Reports are records written and compiled by Kume, one of the delegates, which describe the political, economic, social and cultural aspects of America and the European countries that they had observed during their tours. The objective of this article is to analyze how the Japanese elite understood and appreciated the modern cities of France through the observations that the Iwakura Reports make on Paris, Lyon and Marseilles. The article deals with the Iwakura Embassy’s views on the infrastructure of the modern French city such as boulevards created by Haussmannisation, the sewage system and the urban parks. It will also look into the Embassy's appreciation of the economic aspects of the modern French city such as industrial development and commercial activities, as well as the cultural dimensions such as educational facilities, museums and Parisiens leisure. The article also looks into the Embassy’s perception of the 1871 Paris Commune. The Iwakura Embassy recognized that the modern city of Paris was undertaking a comprehensive role of administration, production and consumption, education and cultural development, and therefore held generally negative views on the class struggle that was the 1871 Paris Commune. The Embassy also paid particular attention to the French experience of modernizing tradition, which laid the foundations for the modernization of Japan with the role of the Emperor at the forefront.
Abstract
The Meiji Government sent a delegation of over 100 elite members of the administration, known as the Iwakura Embassy, to the Unites States of America and Europe from 1871 to 1873. The five-volume Iwakura Reports are records written and compiled by Kume, one of the delegates, which describe the political, economic, social and cultural aspects of America and the European countries that they had observed during their tours. The objective of this article is to analyze how the Japanese elite understood and appreciated the modern cities of France through the observations that the Iwakura Reports make on Paris, Lyon and Marseilles. The article deals with the Iwakura Embassy’s views on the infrastructure of the modern French city such as boulevards created by Haussmannisation, the sewage system and the urban parks. It will also look into the Embassy's appreciation of the economic aspects of the modern French city such as industrial development and commercial activities, as well as the cultural dimensions such as educational facilities, museums and Parisiens leisure. The article also looks into the Embassy’s perception of the 1871 Paris Commune. The Iwakura Embassy recognized that the modern city of Paris was undertaking a comprehensive role of administration, production and consumption, education and cultural development, and therefore held generally negative views on the class struggle that was the 1871 Paris Commune. The Embassy also paid particular attention to the French experience of modernizing tradition, which laid the foundations for the modernization of Japan with the role of the Emperor at the forefront.
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