対人関係に応じた日本語母語話者のスタイル切り換え - 『BTSJによる日本語話し言葉コーパス』を用いて -

Abstract

Native Speaker of the Japanese Speech Style Shift to Personal Relationships: Using Corpus of Spoken Japanese by Basic Transcription System for Japanese Lee, Soon-Hyeong․Imamura Kesuke This study analyzed and examined how native Japanese speakers change sentence-final expressions, aizuchi(back-channels) expressions, and styles of honorifics according to interpersonal relationships of age, social position, and gender by using BTSJ(Basic Transcription System for Japanese) corpus. As the results, it was confirmed that style management is somewhat different according to interpersonal relationships and there is different norm awareness of language management. The detailed results are as follows. A) As for sentence-final expressions, most males change styles according to their age and social position. B) As for sentence-final expressions, females are more sensitive to their age and social position, so they change styles more frequently than males. C) As of aizuchi(back-channels) expressions, both men and women change styles according to age, social position, and gender. D) As of honorifics, both men and women use only some limited formats regardless of age, social position, and gender. From the research results above, following suggestions can be presented about Japanese language education. 1) There is no need to be overly conscious of the position of the opponent and to change the style, except when there is a direct hierarchy or interest. 2) As for style change of aizuchi(back-channels) expressions, it is not strictly required to have a normative distinction of the past polarity between polite formate of 「Yes, sir(hai:はい)」 and informal one of 「Yeah(un:うん)」. 3) As for instruction of honorifics at the beginner level, it is possible to focus on the management of limited forms. That is, it is better to work on and practice versatile formats with many uses, such as 「いらっしゃる：irassharu」 which means ‘to go, come, and stay or be’, 「される：sareru」 and 「なさる:nasaru」 which mean ‘to do,’ and 「行かれる：ikareru」 which means ‘to go.’ It is enough to teach advanced students in need to make a fluent use of honorifics.