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성과와 예산 간 연계성 분석: 2008~2010년 재정사업 자율평가결과를 중심으로

Does Performance Affect Budgetary Decision?: Using the Korea-PART Results 2008~2010

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주제분류행정학

초록

본 연구는 한국 재정사업 자율평가결과가 실제 예산에 어느 정도 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 재정사업 자율평가 결과(점수 및 등급)가 예산안 증감률에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 평가점수보다는 등급의 경우에 모형의 타당도 및 설명력이 높은 것으로나타났다. ‘우수 이상 등급’ 변수의 경우 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 반면, ‘미흡 이하 등급’ 변수의경우 3년간 일관되게 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 재정사업자율평가제도는 성과가 우수한 사업의 예산을 증대하기보다는 성과가 미흡한 사업의 예산을삭감하는데 주로 활용되고 있다고 추론할 수 있다. 그러나 총점과 등급 모두 다중회귀모형의 설명력이낮아 본 연구에서 다루고 있는 변수 외에 다른 많은 요인들이 함께 영향을 미치고 있다고 해석할수 있다. 본 연구에서는 관계의 엄밀성을 기하기 위해서 정책분야, 사업생성시기, 사업유형,사업규모를 통제변수로 도입하였으나 사업생성시기를 제외하고는 그 영향력이 연도별로 일관되게나타나지 않았다. 사업생성시기의 경우, 노무현 대통령 사업(2003~2007년 사이에 생성된 사업)이다른 사업에 비해 예산증가율이 평균적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과를 종합하면 한국의 경우 성과정보가 예산결정과 어느 정도 연계된다고 볼 수는 있지만, 성과 외에도 많은 변수들이영향을 미친다고 해석할 수 있다. 즉, 이러한 연구결과는 Curristine(2009)이 한국의 재정사업자율평가제도를 직접적 성과예산제도로 분류하였으나 실질적으로는 간접적 성과예산제도라는 것을보여준다.

Abstract

This article investigates the link between program performance results and budgetary decision by using the Korea-Program Assessment Rating Tool (K-PART) results between 2008 and 2010. It finds that the relationship is statistically significant even though the strength of the relationship is very weak. The relationship can be specified that ineffective programs are relatively strongly correlated with budget cuts while effective ones have no significant relationship with budgetary decision. The control variables employed include the political content of program, program type, and program size (budget). The political content of program is measured first by their policy areas (economy, administration, and welfare), and second by the presidency when the program was created. The influence of the control variables is sporadic year to year. The findings are similar when the dependent variable is either executive or legislative budget. But the relationship with the legislative budget turns out to be spurious since the executive budget carries over to legislative budget mostly (approximately 80%). The findings strongly disapprove Curristine(2009)'s typology where he classified Korea's budgetary practice in relation with K-PART as an example of direct linkage between program performance information and budgeting.

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