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청소년의 외로움과 목소리에 대한 주의 및 해석

Adolescents’ loneliness and the differences it makes to the attentional and interpretive pattern of auditory social cues

김가영|신지은
한국청소년정책연구원 (National Youth Policy Institute)|2018.02|한국청소년연구 (Studies on Korean Youth)|제29권 제1호|pp. 295-321|DOI 10.14816/sky.2018.29.1.295

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참고문헌

키워드

lonelinessselective attention외로움(loneliness)사회적 소리(auditory social cue)선택적 주의(selective attention)auditory social cue
주제분류기타사회과학

초록

외로움은 현대 사회의 심각한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 특히 성인기로 이동하는 과도기적 단계에 있는 청소년들은 소속에 대한 높은 욕구 및 기대 수준으로 인해 외로움에 취약하다. 선행 연구들에 의하면 외로움은 사회적 단서에 대한 민감성을 높인다. 하지만 기존 연구에서 사용한 사회적 단서가 대부분 시각적 자극(예, 미소)에 국한되어 있던 반면, 본 연구는 ‘청각’에 주목하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 사회적 소리에 대한 지각이 청자의 외로움 수준에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 2개의 연구를 실시하였다. 먼저 연구 1의 참가자들은 조건에 따라 2가지(사회적, 비사회적) 소리 중 하나를 들으며 수학 암산 과제를 풀었다. 분석 결과, 예상대로 외로운 사람일수록 사회적 소리(웅성거리는 목소리)에 더 많은 선택적 주의를 기울였으며, 이로 인해 과제 수행에 더 큰 방해를 받았다. 하지만 이러한 현상은 비사회적 소리(자동차 소리)를 들을 때에는 발생하지 않았다. 이어서 연구 2의 참가자들은 조건에 따라 2가지(모호한 대화, 명확한 대화) 소리 중 하나를 들으며 숨은 그림 찾기 과제를 풀었다. 앞서와 마찬가지로, 외로운 사람일수록 그 내용의 명확성 수준에 관계없이 대화 소리에 더 많은 주의를 기울이는 모습을 보였다. 그리고 이로 인해 과제 수행에 더 큰 방해를 받았다. 나아가 사람들은 외로울수록 모호한 대화 내용을 자신에게 더 긍정적인 방향으로 해석하는 모습을 보였다. 본 연구는 외로운 사람의 청각 지각을 살펴봄으로써 목소리의 사회적 기능을 밝혔다는 데 의의가 있다.

Abstract

Loneliness is an increasing problem in modern life. Adolescents, in their transition to adulthood, are particularly vulnerable to experiencing loneliness because of their heightened needs and expectations for belonging. Past research has shown that self-perceived isolation leads to higher sensitivity to social cues. However, such work primarily focused on visual forms of social cues, leaving other types of stimuli relatively unattended. The present research investigates how loneliness influences the perception of auditory social cues (i.e., the voice). In Study 1, individual differences in loneliness were found to relate to people's attention to auditory stimuli. Lonely people were more distracted by social (human voices) but not by non-social sound (vehicle noise) than others. Study 2 further found that human voices, regardless of the level of vagueness of content, deteriorated the task performance of lonely people. Additionally, they were more likely to construe vague conversations in a more positive direction. Overall, the present research highlights the social functions of the voice by focusing on how lonely people listen to sounds that surround them in their lives.

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