한국 사회의 고독과 외로움: 인식적 탐색과 이해
Solitude and Loneliness in Korean Society: Cognitive Exploration and Understanding
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구에서는 대표성을 가진 고독과 외로움의 단어 도구를 개발하고, 두 정서에 대한 한국인의 인식을 차원적으로 살펴보았다. 20대∼60대의 성인을 대상으로 단어 분류 과제를 수행하였고, 그 결과를 토대로 단어에 내재한 차원을 발견하였다. 고독의 차원은 모든 연령에서 2차원으로, 외로움의 차원은 60대를 제외한 전 연령에서 2차원으로 나타났다. 고독의 경우, 20대는 ‘여유(자유)-위축(자신감 결여)/내부 지향(불안)-외부 지향(불만족)’, 30대는 ‘여유(탐구)-위축(회피)/내부 지향(결핍)-외부 지향(우울)’, 40대는 ‘여유(전환)-위축(두려움)/내부 지향(무력감)-외부 지향(혼란)’, 50대는 ‘여유(자기 발견)-위축(취약)/내부 지향(무력감)-외부 지향(투쟁과 인내)’, 60대는 ‘여유(성찰)-위축(상실)/내부 지향(근심)-외부 지향(불안)’으로 명명하였다. 외로움의 경우, 20대는 ‘갈등-공허/무력감-소진’, 30대는 ‘무력감-공허/불안-우울’, 40대는 ‘무력감-공허/소외감-쇠퇴’, 50대는 ‘헌신-인내/고립에 대한 두려움-앞날의 고민’, 60대는 ‘회의(세월의 고단함이 허무함으로)-애환(혼돈 속 균형)’으로 명명하였다. 본 연구는 정서․인지․행동적 측면에서의 다각적인 접근을 통해 고독과 외로움에 대한 개인의 내․외적 상태를 탐구하였다. 이는 정서에 대한 심층적인 이해를 도모하고, 삶의 안정과 정신 건강 증진에 필요한 자료 개발에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This study developed a representative words tool for solitude and loneliness and examined the perception of the two emotions dimensionally. A word classification task was performed on adults in their 20s to 60s, and the dimensions inherent in words were discovered based on the results. The dimension of solitude was 2-dimensional at all ages, and the dimension of loneliness was 2-dimensional at all ages except those in their 60s. In the case of solitude, those in their 20s are ‘relaxation (freedom)-withdrawal(lack of confidence)/inward orientation(anxiety)-external orientation(dissatisfaction)’, and those in their 30s are ‘relaxation(exploration)-withdrawal(avoidance)/internal orientation(deficiency)-External orientation(depression)’, for those in their 40s, ‘relaxation(transition)-withdrawal(fear)/internal orientation(helplessness)-external orientation(confusion)’, for those in their 50s, ‘relaxation(self-discovery)-withdrawal(vulnerability)/internal orientation(Helplessness)-external orientation(struggle and perseverance)’, those in their 60s were named ‘leisure(reflection)-shrinkage(loss)/internal orientation(anxiety)-external orientation(anxiety)’. In the case of loneliness, those in their 20s are ‘conflict-emptiness/helplessness-exhaustion’, those in their 30s are ‘helplessness-emptiness/ anxiety-depression’, those in their 40s are ‘helplessness-emptiness/alienation-withdrawal’, and those in their 50s are ‘dedication-patience/fear of isolation-anxiety about the future’, and those in their 60s named it ‘skepticism(due to the futility of the hardships of time)-the joys and sorrow(balance in chaos)’. This study explored individual internal and external states of solitude and loneliness through a multiple approaches in terms of emotion, cognition, and behavior. This will be used to promote a deep understanding of emotions and to develop data necessary to stabilize life and promote mental health.
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