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외로운 사람들의 시선 편향: 정서 표정에 대한 응시패턴 연구

Attentional Bias of Lonely Individuals: An Investigation of Gaze Patterns for Emotional Faces

강영신|신지은|김문수|김세훈
한국사회및성격심리학회|2023.11|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제37권 제4호|pp. 489-509|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2023.37.4.001

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참고문헌

키워드

loneliness외로움eye tracking얼굴 정서 인식facial emotion recognition시선 추적응시패턴gaze pattern
주제분류심리과학

초록

외로움은 개인의 정신적, 신체적 건강을 저해하는 심각한 사회 문제다. 하지만 외로운 사람들은 이 굴레에서 쉽게 벗어나지 못하거나 심지어는 증상이 악화된다. 그 주요 원인 중 하나로 꼽히는 것은 외로움이 유발하는 부정적 인지 편향으로, 이에 따르면 외로운 사람들은 환경 내 부정적 자극에 민감할 뿐만 아니라 동일한 자극도 더 부정적으로 해석하는 경향이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 사회적 의사소통의 핵심 단서인 ‘얼굴’ 인식에 초점을 맞추고 개인의 외로움 수준에 따라 얼굴의 정서 표정에 대한 응시패턴에 차이가 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 127명의 참가자를 대상으로 외로움 사전 설문을 실시하고 평균과 표준편차(±1)를 기준으로 외로움(고) 집단과 외로움(저) 집단 각 24명을 선정하였다. 그리고 시선추적장비를 통해 이들이 얼굴 정서 자극(분노, 행복, 중립)을 응시하는 패턴을 비교, 분석하였다. 이때 응시패턴은 얼굴 정서 자극의 눈, 코, 입 부위 각각에 형성된 응시점 수 및 응시 시간을 의미한다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외로움(고) 집단은 외로움(저) 집단에 비해 눈 영역에 대한 응시를 회피하는 경향(적은 응시점 수, 짧은 응시 시간)이 있었다. 이러한 응시패턴은 분노 표정뿐만 아니라 행복, 중립 표정에 대해서도 일관적으로 나타났다. 둘째, 외로움(고) 집단은 외로움(저) 집단에 비해 코 영역을 더 오래 응시하는 경향이 있었다. 본 연구는 외로운 사람들의 얼굴 표정 응시패턴을 살펴봄으로써 정서 인식에 대한 기존 연구를 확대하고 외로움의 인지적 특성을 새롭게 조망했다는 의의를 가진다.

Abstract

Loneliness causes serious social issue that negatively affects individuals' mental and physical health. Nonetheless, lonely individuals often struggle to escape the burden of loneliness, and their symptoms even get worse in some cases. One of the major factors is the negative cognitive biases triggered by loneliness. According to these biases, lonely individuals not only become more sensitive to negative stimuli in their environment but also tend to interpret the same stimuli in a more negative manner. In this regard, this study utilizes the facial emotion recognition process-a key cue in social communication-and aims to investigate the differences in gaze patterns on emotional faces depending on individuals' levels of loneliness. To achieve this, a preliminary loneliness survey was conducted among 127 participants. Total 48 individuals were selected-24 for the high-loneliness group(HLG) and 24 for the low-loneliness group(LLG)-based on ±1 standard deviation on estimated mean. Subsequently, eye-tracker were used to compare and analyze their gaze patterns when viewing angry, happy, and neutral face. In this context, gaze patterns refer to the number of fixations and the duration of fixations on specific areas of the face, such as the eyes, nose, and mouth, in response to facial emotional stimuli. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1) HLG tend to avoid gaze on the eye region compared to LLG-lower number of fixations and shorter fixation durations. This gaze pattern was consistent not only for angry but also for happy and neutral face. 2) HLG showed a longer fixation duration on the nose region compared to LLG. This study contributes to the existing research on emotion recognition by examining gaze patterns toward emotional face in lonely individuals and provides new insights into the cognitive characteristics of loneliness.

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