쌍쓰끄리땀과 암벧까르(Ambedkar)의 소환 그리고 고대사 재구성과 인도 현대 정치의 규정요소로서의 언어
Recent Recall of Sanskrit and Ambedkar: Language as a Framing Element of Politics in India and the Reconstruction of Ancient History
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언어에 따른 주 경계의 설정은 독립 이후 담보된 국가의 형성과 달리, 국민(nation)의 형성은 과제로 남은 채 전개된 인도현대사의 단면을 드러내고 있다. 국가의 제도적인 틀을 규정함과 동시에, ‘상상의 공동체’를 형성하기 위한 매개체이자 최대의 장애물이 되고 있는 언어의 문제가 인도의 현대 정치를 규정하는 맥락을 밝히고자 한다. 특히 최근 일부 주의 신설과맞물려 연관된 문제가 부상되었고, 국가 단위의 통합적 정체성을 관철시키고자 하는 힌두 국수주의 진영은 인도아리안 문화의 담지체였던 쌍쓰끄리땀을 재소환하고 있다. 이와 맞물려 힌두 전통사회의 가장 큰 악습으로 간주되는, 천민의 신분적 차별을 철폐하고자 했던 암벧까르(Ambedkar)가 허구적인 상징의 영역에서 실제 맥락과는 정반대로 재포장되어 소환되는 상황이 벌어지고 있다. 사실 왜곡과 신화의 창조가 이루어진 맥락과 내용을 밝혀내고, 문화사 및 근현대 정치사의 맥락에서 단일한 국민국가의 형성을 위한 정치적 상징조작의 맥락 안에서 그 의미를 밝히고자 한다.
Abstract
The state organization corresponding to linguistic states in India reveals the problematic nation-building process of Indian modern history unlike the state-formation process. In addition to defining the institutional framework of the state organization, the languages of the country play the crucial role in forming the ‘imagined community’ in India. Related to the establishment of new states, new debates have recently emerged on the language policy and the Hindu nationalist camp, which is trying to lay over an integrated national identity. In this context the linguistic and cultural medium of the Indo-Aryan traditions (i.e., Sanskrit) and Dr. Ambedkar, who was consistently devoted to the elimination of Dalit discrimination, are recalled in modern Indian political debates. In this suspicious narrative, some facts were distorted and the original contexts were presented in a contrary way. In this paper, some relevant facts will be clarified and the meaning of the intended mystification will be contextualized and explained in the context of political symbol manipulation for the nation-building procedure from the Hindu nationalist side.
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