프란시스 튜레틴(Francis Turretin)의 예정론 연구

Abstract

Francis Turretin covered predestination in the article 4 of Institutio Theologiae Elencticae. He argued postlapsarianism in the period after Synod of Dort in the 17th century for predestination. His argument was mainly against of Socinianists and Arminians. They set forth various counterarguments with contingency, temporality, conditions, etc. against Decree. Turretin asserted God's immanent actions, eternity, unconditionality, necessity, etc. based on God's Attributes. He demonstrated their illogicality of arguments based on the Bible, and sometimes used reasonings of Mid-age theologists like Thomas Aquinas. He emphasized education and sermon of predestination based on the argument that predestination is clearly revealed in the Bible. Predestination can reap fruits of conviction of salvation and sanctification if it is educated within the scope of the Bible in correct and prudent ways. Accordingly, education and sermon of predestination only follows a principle of sola Scriptura. He argues that predestination means chosen people are selected in Christ based on the eudokia of God. Turretin interprets "selection in Christ" as that Christ is a means to predestination and foundation of the selection. Hence, he criticizes Arminians who opines that the selection is caused by Christ, his works, and foreseen faith. Christ as Logos is the author of our choice, but as an intercessor, He is not the cause of our choice but the cause and basis of our salvation. And faith is a gift and a fruit from choice, and hence, cannot become a cause of salvation or reason for choice. Turretin's assertion not only reveals that predestination is the fruit of God's grace based on His eudokia but also establishes doctrine of sola gratia which means our salvation can be only given through the faith which is God's gift. Furthermore, regarding the enforcement of predestination, Turretin tried to guarantee the certainty of our redemption by developing the discussion regarding the covenant of grace between God and His people with the covenant of redemption between God and His son. And he determines that our conviction on salvation is based on "syllogismus practicus." If we believe, repent, and pursue holy lives based on the Christ's promise of eternal predestination, we can be assured of salvation based on our conscience in a posteriori approach. That is the meaning of the words which is to secures our thought of being called and chosen. Hence, such assurance of salvation is a practical result of the doctrine of grace based on predestination. Although Turretin's predestination has been developed through harsh and severe disputes and arguments, the purpose of his argument was to firmly establish the justification by faith in Protestant reformation and the biblical principle of sola gratia and sola scriptura.