트럼피즘과 트럼프 독트린 : 이민자 인식에 대한 포퓰리즘의 영향력 분석
Trumpism and the Trump Doctrine : Analysis of the Impact of Populist Policy on US Voter's perception on Immigrants
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초록
본 연구는 트럼피즘이 미국 유권자의 이민자 인식에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지 분석한다. 반기득권주의, 반다원주의로 특징지어지는 포퓰리즘이 전세계로 확산되며, 미국 내에도 토착주의와 반엘리트주의에 기반한 우파포퓰리즘, 즉 트럼피즘이 등장하였다. 트럼프 대통령은 미국 내 유색인종과 소수민족, 이민자와 엘리트 계층과 백인·블루칼라·중산층을 적대적 관계로 구조화하며 자신의 지지 계층을 결집하였다. 이처럼 트럼프 대통령은 트럼피즘을 활용하여 2016년 대통령 선거에 승리했을 뿐만 아니라 미국 유권자들의 대외정책적 선호에도 영향을 주었으며, 특히 이민자에 대한 폐쇄적 인식를 강화하였다. 이러한 추세는 트럼프 대통령이 퇴임하였음에도 불구하고 여전히 남아있고 공화당 역시 이를 활용하여 정치적 이익을 취하려는 바, 미국 내 정치적 양극화와 민주주의 쇠퇴에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측된다.
Abstract
This research investigates how Trumpism affected US voters' perception of immigrants and related foreign policy. As populism characterized as anti-establishment and anti-pluralism spread across the international community, the US also encountered right-wing populism based on nativism and anti-elitism. President Donald Trump forged an antagonistic tension among ethnic minorities, immigrants, Washington-based elites, white male-blue collar, and middle-income groups, which ultimately strengthened his supporting bases in the presidential election in 2016. Trumpism still remains intact in the US and strengthened a closed, exclusive attitude of Americans toward immigrants, and the current GOP is likely to bandwagon this trend as approaches the midterm election in 2022. Ultimately, this GOP strategy will consolidate current political polarization and decline the US democracy.
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