트럼프 현상으로 본 미국 고립주의의 본질과 재현 가능성 전망
The Nature of U.S. Isolationism and its Prospect in US Foreign Policy Viewed in the Trump Phenomenon
0
조회
0
다운로드
14
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 글은 최근 미국 내 부상하고 있는 고립주의 여론이 국제주의와 어떠한 관계가 있으며, 그 실현가능성과 우리나라 외교정책에 미치는 영향을검토하기 위한 것이다. ‘미국 우선주의 정책’은 미국의 국제적 역할 포기를뜻하는 고립주의 선언과 다름이 없다. 최근, 미국의 한 여론조사기관은 미국민들의 고립주의 성향이 상당히 높다는 결과를 제시하고 있다. 이는 그동안 신자유주의의 확산으로 누적된 불평등에 따른 국민적 불만이 폭발한것이며, 이러한 민심의 변화에 대선후보들이 편승하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 미국의 여론은 외교안보적으로는 해외분쟁 불개입을, 경제적으로는 환태평양경제동반자협정 불참을 요구하고 있다. 이런 추세는 역사적으로 미국 내 고립주의가 주류를 이루던 1935년~1941년 시기와 비슷하다. 미 대선후보들의 선동적인 행동으로 인해 미국의 고립주의가 부활한 것처럼 보이지만, 미국은 패권국가로서의 국제적 역할을 결코 포기하지 않을 것이며, 대신, 보호무역 강화, 방위비 분담강요 등 부분적인 고립주의 성향을보일 가능성은 있다고 예상된다.
Abstract
“America First” foreign policy is not so much different from announcing abandonment of America's international role. The recent survey done by a polling agency reveals the American public tends to be in favor of isolationism. They argue disengagement in terms of foreign policy and withdrawal from TPP. Such sentiment is a result of widespread frustration and anger toward increasing inequality among the social classes, which allegedly has been rising in hand in hand with the spread of Neo-Liberalism. It seems major US presidential candidates have successfully taken the advantage of such movement. The recent rise in public sentiment favoring the isolationism largely resembles the period between 1935 and 1941, when it was predominant. Nevertheless, it is not likely that isolationism would enjoy its renaissance because the current hype of isolationism is mainly attributable to election tactics by the presidential candidates. In a sense, isolationism would have some impacts on U.S. foreign policy, by increasing the pressure for its protective trade policies and more burden-sharing request to its allies, but this trend would not deter U.S. from assuming its role as a hegemon.
참고문헌 (56)
- 권용립, "미국 외교의 역사" (2010), 삼인
- 로버트 J. 아트, "미국의 대전략: 외교정책과 군사전략" (2005), 나남
- 이삼성, "세계와 미국: 20세기의 반성과 21세기의 전망" (2001), 한길사
- 제임스 E. 도거티, "미국외교정책사: 루스벨트에서 레이건까지" (1997), 한울
- 정진위, "미국외교정책: 1890~1993" (1996), 박영사
- Allan R. Millett, "For the Common Defense; A Military History of the United States" (1994), Free Press
- Arthur S. Link., "Woodrow Wilson-Revolution, War, and Peace" (1979), Harlan Davison
- Beard, Charles A., "American Foreign Policy in the Making, 1932~1940" (1946), Yale University Press
- Bradford Perkins, "The Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations, Vol. 1, The Creation of Republican Empire, 1776~1865" (1993), cambridge University Press
- Cole, Wayne S., "Roosevelt and Isolationists 1932-45" (1983), University of Nebraska Press
- Crabb, Cecil V., Jr., "Policy-Makers and Critics: Conflicting Theories of American Foreign Policy" (1986), Praeger
- C. J. Lose., "The Reluctant Imperialists: British Foreign Policy, 1878~1902" (1969), Macmillan
- Dallek Robert, "Franklin D Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945" (1979), Oxford University Press
- Divine, Robert A., "The Illusion of Neutrality" (1962), University of Chicago Press
- Dougherty, James E, "American Foreign Policy : FDR to Reagan" (1986), Haper & Row, Publishers. Inc
- Edward H. Buehrig., "Woodrow Wilson and the Balance of Power" (1969), Peter Smith
- Fareed Zakaria., "From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America’s World Role" (1998), Princeton University Press
- Feinman, Ronald L., "Twilight of Progressivism: The Western Republican Senators and the New Deal" (1981), Johns Hopkins University Press
- Foster, Schuyler H., "Activism Replaces Isolationism : U.S. Public Attitudes , 1940-1975" (1983), Foxhall Press
- Guinsberg, Thomas N., "American Foreign Relations Reconsidered, 1890~1993" (1994), Routledge
- Howard Jablon., "The State Department and Foreign Policy, 1933-1937" (1983), Lexington, Ky
- Hunt, Michael H., "Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy" (1987), Yale University Press
- Iriye, Akira, "The Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations, Volume Ⅲ: The Globalizing of America , 1913-1945" (1993), Cambridge University Press
- J. A. S. Grenville., "The War Plans of the Great Powers, 1880~1914" (1985), Allen and Unwin
- Jane Karoline Vieth., "Modern American Diplomacy" (1984), Scholarly Resources
- John A. S. Grenville, "Politics, Strategy, and American Diplomacy: Studies in Foreign Policy, 1873~1917" (1966), Yale University Press
- Jonas, Manfred., "Isolationism in America, 1935-41" (1966), Cornell University Press
- Jonas, Manfred., "Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy: Studies of the Principal Movements and Ideas, 3 vols" (1978), Charles Scribner’s Sons
- Jones, Howard., "The Course of American Democracy: From Revolution to the Present" (1985), Dorsey
- LaFeber, Walter., "The American Age: United States Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad since 1750" (1989), W.W.Norton
- Lawrence S. Kaplan., "Entangling Alliances with None: American Foreign Policy in the Age of Jefferson" (1987), Kent State University Press
- Levering, Ralph B., "The Public and American Foreign Policy, 1918-1978" (1978), Morrow
- Margaret Leech., "In the Days of Mckiley" (1959), Harper and Row
- Nordlinger, Eric A., "Isolationism Reconfigured: American Foreign Policy for A New Century" (1995), Princeton University Press
- Rhodes, "Explaining Strategic Choices in the 1890s", ~
- Richard D. Challenger., "Admirals, Generals, and American Foreign Policy" (1973), Princeton University Press
- Robert A. Divine., "The Illusion of Neutralit" (1962), University of Chicago Press
- Robinson, "Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of British Imperialism" (1961), Macmillan
- Russell F. Weigley., "The American War: A History of United States Military Policy" (1973), Macmillan
- Smith, Gaddis, "Morality, Reason and Power: American Diplomacy in the Carter Years" (1986), Hill & Wang
- Thomas A. Bailey., "A Dipomatic History of the American People" (1969), Appleton- Century-Crofts
- Thomas J. Knock., "To End All Wars: Woodrow Wilson and the Quest for a New World Order" (1992), Oxford University Press
- 남궁곤, "미국 고립주의 외교의 사회적 배경: 1935~1941년 고립주의 여론에 관한 비판적 연구", 한국정치학회보, 35(3), pp.397~416 (2001)
- D. K. Fieldhouse, "Imperialism: An Historiographical Revision", The Economic History Review, Second Series, 14(2), pp.187~209 (1961)
- Deibel, Terry L, "Strategies before Containment: Patterns for the Future", International Security, 16(Spring), pp.79~108 (1992)
- Haass, Richard, "Five Not-So-Easy Pieces : The Debates on American Foreign Policy", Brookings Review, 18(2), pp.38~40 (2000)
- John Gallagher, "The Imperialism of Free Trade", The Economic History Review, 6(1), pp.1~15 (1953)
- Kull, Steve, "Americans Have Not Turned Isolationist", Publilc Perspective, 8(5), pp.1~4 (1997)
- Kull, Steve, "Challenging U.S. Policymakers' Image of an Isolationist Public", International Studies Perspectives, 1(1), pp.105~117 (2000)
- Ladd, Everett C, "Since World War Ⅱ, Americans Have Persistently Looked Outward", Public Perspective, 8(5), pp.5~37 (1997)
- Legro, Jeffrey W, "Whence American Internationalism", International Organization, 54(2), pp.253~289 (2000)
- Nincic, Miroslav, "Domestic Costs, The U.S. Public, and the Isolationist Calculus", International Studies Quarterly, 41, pp.593~610 (1997)
- Sofka, James R, "American Neutral Rights Reappraised: Identity or Interest in the Foreign Policy of the Early Republic", Review of International Studies, 26(4), pp.599~622 (2000)
- Spykman, "America’s Strategy in World Politics", 68~89
- "미국인 57%가 지지하는 ‘트럼프의 고립주의’"[URL]
- "차기 미국 대통령과 환태평양경제동반자협정"[URL]