우파 포퓰리즘과 미국 대외정책에 대한 함의

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doi:10.17789/discou.2018.21.2.005

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우파 포퓰리즘과 미국 대외정책에 대한 함의

Rise of Right-wing Populism and Its Implication for American Foreign Policy

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anti-establishment nativism political polarization Trumpism 트럼피즘 반기득권주의 우파포퓰리즘 정치적양극화 토착주의 right-wing populism

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초록

본 논문은 우파포퓰리스트로서 미국 트럼프 대통령이 등장할 수 있었던 원인을 분석하고, 이것이 미국 대외정책에 대해 갖는 함의에 대해 논의한다. 트럼피즘의 수요계층이 처한 환경을 분석함으로써, 우파 포퓰리즘이 미국 국내정치과정에서 영향력을 갖게 된 원인을 알아본다. 연구 결과 경제적 상황에 대한 비관적인 인식을 갖고 있거나 소득격차가 점차 심화되고 있다는 유권자들 사이에서 트럼프 대통령에 대한 지지가 높았다. 향후 우파포퓰리즘 자체가 내재한 토착주의적 성격과 반기득권주의적 성격은 미국 대외정책의 불확실성과 고립주의적 특성을 더욱 더 강화시킬 것으로 예측된다. 특히 이민문제와 같이 소득불평등에 대한 미국 유권자들의 불만과 문화적 반발이 교차되는 현안은 우파포퓰리스트 정치인들에 의해 지속적으로 제기되어 지지자들을 결집시킬 것으로 보인다.

Abstract

This research investigates the conditions under which President Donald Trump as right-wing populist could emerge during the 2016 US presidential election. By investigating the environment under which American voters favored Trumpism, it attempted to reveal the causes under which right-wing populism prevailed in American political environment. Empirical analysis demonstrates that variables of pessimistic prospect over economic development and perception of worsening income inequality have affected voter’s preference on Trump over traditional conservative candidates such as Jeb Bush or Marco Rubio. In terms of American foreign policy, the inherent nativist and anti-establishment characteristics of populism will strengthen uncertainty and isolationist tone of current American foreign policy under the Trump Administration. Especially immigration issue where American voters’ dissatisfaction over income inequality and cultural backlash overlap is likely to be raised by populist politicians.

참고문헌 (48)

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