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주요 타자의 자살 위기에 대한 경험 분석: 가족과 친구를 중심으로

Analyzing Experiences of Significant Others’ Suicide Crisis: focused on family and friends

김창대|신은혜
한국상담학회 (Korean Counseling Association (KCA))|2023.06|상담학연구 (Korea Journal of Counseling)|제24권 제3호|pp. 29-59|DOI 10.15703/kjc.24.3.202306.29

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참고문헌

키워드

근거이론caregivergrounded theory게이트키퍼significant others케어기버gatekeeper주요 타자자살 위기suicide crisis
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 근거이론 방법을 사용하여 주요 타자의 자살 위기에 대한 경험에 관한 실질적 이론을 구성하는 것이다. 심각한 자살 위기를 겪고 있는 당사자와 가까운 주변 사람들에 대한 관심과 이해가 부족하다는 문제의식을 바탕으로 수행되었으며, 돌봄 제공자 즉 ‘케어기버(caregiver)’ 개념을 참고하여 주요 타자의 자살 위기에 대한 경험을 들여다보았다. 가족, 친구 혹은 연인 즉, 주요 타자의 자살 생각, 자살 계획, 자살 시도를 경험한 성인 25명이 참여하였으며, 이들과의 개별 심층 면접을 통해 얻은 자료가 구성주의 근거이론 방법을 통해 분석되었다. 연구 결과 12개 범주가 도출되었다. 그 중 즉각적인 반응인 두려움 관련 범주로는 ‘주요 타자의 사라짐에 대한 두려움’, ‘주요 타자의 사라짐은 곧 “나”의 사라짐’ 그리고 ‘두려움에 뒤이은 죄책감’이 밝혀졌다. 뒤이어 자살 위기 개입 과정에서 경험한 내적 반응 범주는 자기 초점 및 주요 타자 초점의 두 가지로 구분되었다. 참여자 자신에 대한 내적 반응은 ‘책임감’, ‘무기력함’, ‘익숙해 짐’, ‘한계 인식’이었으며, 주요 타자에 대한 내적 반응으로는 ‘미안함’, ‘안타까움’, ‘실망함’, ‘화가 남’, ‘답답함’이 나타났다. 연구 결과들을 토대로 주요 타자의 자살 위기에 대한 경험을 심층적으로 이해하기 위한 이론적 시사점을 제언하였다. 더불어 자살 예방 교육 보완 방안과 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to construct a practical theory on the experiences of significant others’ suicide crisis using the grounded theory method. The study was conducted based on the lack of interest and support available for the person at high risk of suicide and the people close to them and examined the experiences of significant others about the suicide crisis by referring to the concept of a ‘caregiver’. In this study, 25 adults who encountered the suicide thoughts, suicide plans, and suicide attempts of significant others (family, friend, lover) participated, and data obtained through individual in-depth interviews were analyzed through the constructivist grounded theory method. As a result of the study, twelve categories were reported. Among them, the categories related to fear, which are immediate reactions, were ‘fear of the disappearance of significant others’, ‘the disappearance of themselves’. and ‘guilt following fear’. After that, the categories of internal experience experienced in the coping process were divided into two types: self-focused and significant others focused. The self-focused internal reactions that participants experienced towards themselves were responsibility, lethargy, familiarization, and limit perception. Meanwhile, the participants’ internal reactions towards the significant other were sorry, regret, disappointment, anger, and frustration. Lastly, this study provided theoretical structure to deeply understand the significant others’ suicide crises. Also, it suggested practical ways to effectively supplement suicide prevention education, and implications for follow-up studies.

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