일제식민지기 경성부 일본 불교계의 침투양상 - 조동종 박문사와 약초관음당을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Previous researches related to expansion of Japanese Buddhism into colonized Joseon are restricted to studies that are focused from the opening port era to 1910s. In addition, the researches about what kinds of sects of Japanese Buddhism had entered into Keijyo during colonial period of Japan are rare. In other words, in order to draw the big picture of expansion of Japanese Buddhism into Keijyo, the researches about when and how Japanese Buddhism had entered into Keijyo are required. During the Japanese colonial period, Japanese Buddhism played the role of justification of Japan's colonial rule in colonized Joseon; Japanese Buddhism had entered in the opening ports of Joseon with support of Japanese government before colonization of Joseon or of colonial power after colonization of Joseon, and they tried to justify Japan’s colonial rule, implanting rituals of Japanese Buddhism in colonized Joseon. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to inquire how Japanese Buddhism had entered into Keijyo in 1910s, 1920s and 1930s and to investigate how Parkmusa(博畝寺) that dedicated to resident general of Itō Hirobumi and Yakchosa(若草寺) that dedicated to governor-general of Saitō Makoto had been constructed and what kinds of role they had done. During Japanese colonial period, among sects of Japanese Buddish, Daegokpa(大谷派) in 1890, Illyeonjong(日連宗) in 1897, Jeongtojong(淨土宗) in 1898, Jehopa(醍醐派)in 1902, Bonpa(本派)․Goyapa(高野派)․Chodongjong(曹洞宗) in 1906, Beophwajong(法華宗) in 1907 and Imjejong(臨濟宗) in 1910 entered into Keijyo. In addition, Bonmun beophwajong(本門法華宗) and Jeongtojongjinseopa(淨土宗鎭西派) in 1920s and Sinuijinoenjong(新義眞言宗) and Hwangbyeokjjong(黃蘗宗) in 1930s newly entered in Keijyo. Especially, Daegokpa in 1910s and Bonpa in 1930s had the most believers and it signifies their great influence in Japanese society of Keijyo. On the other hand, Chodongjong in Keijyo had relatively few believers, but it built the h​oly of holies of Japanese Buddhism in Nam mountain through construction of Parkmusa and Yakchosa. And then, because of narrow space of Yakchosa, new building in Nam mountain was planned in 1940. In short, Chodongjong constructed temples which dedicated to Itō Hirobumi and Saitō Makoto, who are symbol of Japanese colonial rule, in Nam mountain; it contributed to justify Japanese colonial rule through symbolic religious performance of Japanese Buddhism. Finally, this study might provide basic materials to understand expansion of Japanese Buddhism into Keijyo and their roles in justification of colonization such as becoming Japanese. Moreover, among Japanese Buddhism in Keijyo, the study related to Yakchosa of Chodongjong, as first thesis in South Korea, might be helpful for understanding how and why Japanese Buddhism had been implanted into Nam mountain and how Chodongjong played the role to justify Japanese colonization.