한미일 캠프 데이비드 정상회담의 전략적 함의와 향후 과제
Strategic Implications and Future Challenges of the U.S.-ROK Camp David Summit
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2023년 8월 18일에 개최된 윤석열 대통령과 바이든 대통령, 기시다 총리 간 캠프 데이비드 한미일 정상회담은 3국 간 협력의 새로운 장을 열었다는 점에서 매우 중요하다. 회담은 3국 간 협력의 범위를 광범위하게 제시하여 지구적, 지역적 차원의 공간적 범위를 규정하는가 하면, 군사안보, 경제안보, 기술협력, 인적교류, 개발협력 정책 등 포괄적인 의제 범위를 제시하였다. 이러한 변화 속에서 한국의 외교전략은 기회와 도전을 동시에 맞이하고 있다. 국제질서의 변화 속에서 한국의 위상을 높이고 국제적 지위와 역할을 증진시키며 미국, 일본과 다각적 협력을 통해 국력을 강화시킬 수 있는 제도화된 틀을 마련할 수 있다. 그러나 3국의 국익과 정책의 우선 순위, 그리고 국력과 기술 수준이 동일하지 않으므로 끊임없이 협력의 내용과 방향을 조율하고 협력 속의 자율성을 확보해야 하는 과제를 안게 된 것이다. 이 글은 한미일 3자 협력이 배제의 질서와 모범의 질서를 일정 부분 함께 추구한다고 보고, 소다자 협력과 준동맹의 성격도 같이 가지고 있다고 본다. 한미일 3국이 현재 생각하거나 지향하는 방향도 반드시 일치한다고 할 수도 없다. 현재까지 제시된 내용을 분석하여 각각 어떠한 성격규정이 가능한지, 한국의 입장에서 어떠한 부분을 더욱 강조해가면서 한국의 국익과 더 나아가 지역적, 지구적 차원에서 국제질서를 조성해나갈 수 있을지 등을 살펴보기로 한다.
Abstract
The Camp David Trilateral Summit between President Yun, President Biden, and Prime Minister Kishida on August 18, 2023, was significant in that it opened a new chapter of cooperation between the three countries. The summit set out a broad scope of cooperation between the three countries, defining the spatial scope at the global and regional levels, as well as a comprehensive agenda covering military security, economic security, technical cooperation, people-to-people exchanges, and development cooperation policies. Amidst these changes, South Korea’s foreign policy is facing both opportunities and challenges. The changes in the international order provide an institutionalized framework for South Korea to raise its profile, enhance its international status and role, and strengthen its national power through multilateral cooperation with the United States and Japan. However, the national interests and policy priorities of the three countries are not the same, nor are their national strengths and technological capabilities, so they face the challenge of constantly coordinating the content and direction of cooperation and securing autonomy in cooperation. This article argues that trilateral cooperation between the U.S., South Korea, and Japan pursues both an order of exclusion and an order of exemplarity to a certain extent, and it also has the characteristics of both trilateral cooperation and quasi-alliance. Nor do they necessarily coincide with what the three countries are currently thinking or aiming for. By analyzing what has been presented so far, we will examine what kind of rules of character are possible for the future cooperation, and what aspects of South Korea’s position can be further emphasized to protect its national interests and shape the international order at the regional and global levels.
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