연결성과 무기화된 상호의존: 미중 첨단기술 경쟁을 중심으로
Connectivity and the International Politics of Weaponized Interdependence: The Case of U.S.-China High Technology Competition
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 연구는 21세기 연결성의 증가로 인해 형성된 초국적 네트워크가 국가 전략에 미치는 영향을 미국과 중국의 첨단 기술 경쟁을 중심으로 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 미중 첨단기술 경쟁이 치열해지면서 무기화된 상호의존(weaponized interdependence)이 새로운 국가 전략의 수단으로 주목받고 있다. 무기화된 상호의존은 국가 간 연결성 증가에 따른 조밀한 네트워크의 형성을 전제로 한다. 무기화된 상호의존은 조밀하게 짜여진 네트워크에서 핵심적 위치를 확보한 국가가 상대국 또는 적대적 국가를 대상으로 행사하는 경제적 강압을 뜻한다. 21세기 미중 양국이 이토록 치열하게 첨단기술 경쟁을 전개하는 것은 단순히 개별 산업의 경쟁력을 향상시키는 데 국한되는 것이 아니라, 상대국에 대한 압박과 견제의 수단을 확보하려는 전략적 의도를 가지고 있기 때문이다. 특히, 미국과 중국은 양자 차원뿐 아니라, 지구적 가치 사슬(global value chains: GVCs)로도 긴밀하게 연결되어 있기 때문에, 무기화된 상호의존이 작동할 수 있는 조건이 갖추어져 있다.
Abstract
This study examines the strategic implications of the formation of interstate networks resulting from increased connectivity in the 21st century, focusing on the high-tech competition between the United States and China. As U.S.-China high-tech competition intensifies, weaponized interdependence has gained attention as a new national strategic tool. Weaponized interdependence is based on the formation of a dense network of interdependence between countries. Weaponized interdependence refers to the economic coercion that a state with a key position in a dense network can exert on an opponent or hostile state. In the 21st century, the U.S.-China high-tech race is not only about improving the competitiveness of individual industries, but also about securing a means of pressure and deterrence against the other side. In particular, the U.S. and China are closely linked not only bilaterally but also through global value chains(GVCs), creating conditions ripe for weaponized interdependence.
참고문헌 (62)
- Allen, Bethany, "Beijing Rules: How China Weaponized Its Economy to Confront the World" (2023), Harper
- Hirschman, Albert O., "National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade", University of California Press
- Keohane, Robert O., "Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition" (1977), Little Brown
- 이승주, "세계 경제의 네트워크화와 미중 전략 경쟁 : 복합 지경학의 부상", 정치정보연구, 24(3) (2021)
- 이승주, "중국 ‘우주 굴기’의 정치경제 : 우주산업정책과 일대일로의 연계를 중심으로", 사회과학연구, 28(1) (2021)
- Drezner, Daniel W., "The Uses and Abuses of Weaponized Interdependence" (2021), Brookings Institution Press
- Farrell, Henry, "Weaponized Interdependence:How Global Economic Networks Shape State Coercion", International Security, 44(1) (2019)
- Farrell, Henry, "The Uses and Abuses of Weaponized Interdependence" (2021), Brookings Institution Press
- Gjesvik, Lars, "Private infrastructure in weaponized interdependence", Review of International Political Economy, 30(2) (2022)
- Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., "Networked Politics: Agency. Power. and Governance" (2011), Cornell University Press
- Hafner-Burton, Emilie, "Network Analysis for International Relations", International Organization, 63(3) (2009)
- Kennedy, Andrew B., "The innovation imperative : technology and US-China rivalry in the twenty-first century", International Affairs, 94(3) (2018)
- Keohane, Robert O., "Power and Interdependence revisited", International Organization, 41(4) (1987)
- Lee, Seungjoo, "U.S.-China Technology Competition and the Emergence of Techno-Economic Statecraft in East Asia: High Technology and Economic-Security Nexus", Journal of Chinese Political Science, 29(3) (2024)
- Liu, Xinghua, "Coalition Building and Sino–US Competition in the Digital Era", The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 17(4) (2024)
- Mahutga, Matthew C., "The Persistence of Structural Inequality? A Network Analysis of International Trade. 1965–2000", Social Forces, 84(4) (2006)
- Mastanduno, Michael, "Economic statecraft. Interdependence. and national security: Agendas for research", Security Studies, 9(1-2) (1999)
- Nye Jr., "Power and Interdependence with China", The Washington Quarterly, 43(1) (2020)
- Oatley, Thomas, "Toward a political economy of complex interdependence", European Journal of International Relations, 25(4) (2019)
- Oh, Miyeon, "US-China Rivalry and Digital Connectivity in the Indo-Pacific", Global Asia, 16(4) (2021)
- Ozdemir, Asgary A., "Small and Medium Enterprises and Global Risks: Evidence from Manufacturing SMEs in Turkey", International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 11(1) (2020)
- Schindler, Seth, "The Second Cold War: US-China Competition for Centrality in Infrastructure. Digital. Production. and Finance Networks", Geopolitics, 29(4) (2024)
- Tusikov, Natasha, "The Uses and Abuses of Weaponized Interdependence" (2021), Brookings Institution Press
- Wagner, R. Harrison, "Economic Interdependence. Bargaining Power. and Political Influence", International Organization, 42(3) (1988)
- 문정현, "中 1~7월 반도체 장비 수입 사상 최고", 연합인포맥스, ~ (2024)
- "미중경쟁 2050 ② 첨단기술 - ICT(5G)" (2021)[URL]
- 보이지 않는 안보위협: AI 산업 경쟁력의 원천, 데이터통신 채널의 기반인 해저 케이블 공급망정책 조속히 정비해야, "조원선", ~, pp.과학기술정책 Brief 28 (2024)
- 최필수, "35개 중 14개 남았다 - 중국의 ‘차보즈 기술’ 돌파", 내일신문, ~ (2023)
- "5 Battlegrounds for U.S.-China Cold War Trade War to Space War: Part 2" (2018)[URL]
- "Evolving Chinese Space Ecosystem to Foster Innovative Environment" (2018)[URL]
- "Global Smartphone Market Share: Quarterly" (2024)[URL]
- Accenture, "Globality and Complexity of the Semiconductor Ecosystem", ~ (2020)
- "Charting Globalization’s Turn to Slowbalization After Global Financial Crisis" (2024)[URL]
- "Clues to the U.S.-Dutch-Japanese Semiconductor Export Controls Deal Are Hiding in Plain Sight" (2023)[URL]
- "Grand Strategy: The ‘Chokepoint’ Fallacy of Tech Export Controls" (2024)[URL]
- "Is China’s Huawei a Threat to U.S. National Security?" (2023)[URL]
- "Surveillance camera statistics: which are the most surveilled cities?" (2023)[URL]
- "Competing Visions for the Future of the Internet: China’s Strategy to Control the Highways of Connectivity" (2024)[URL]
- "Whither Globalization: Retreat. Industrial Policy. Unintended Consequences" (2024)[URL]
- "From Satellites to the Moon and Mars. China Is Quickly Becoming a Space Superpower" (2019)[URL]
- Davenport, Christian, "Another front in the tensions between the U.S. and China: Space", The Washington Post, ~ (2019)
- Defense Intelligence Agency, "Challenges to Security in Space", ~ (2019)
- "Starlink soars: SpaceX’s satellite internet surprises analysts with $6.6 billion revenue projection" (2024)[URL]
- "Freedom on the Net: The Rise of Digital Authoritarianism" (2018)[URL]
- "Huawei breaks free from Google ecosystem with homegrown OS" (2024)[URL]
- Fuller, Douglas, "Weaponizing Interdependence & Global Value Chains: US Export Controls on Huawei", American Political Science Association pre-prints, ~ (2022)
- "America is losing its GPS dominance to China’s BeiDou satnav" (2024)[URL]
- "China is building its new Silk Road in space. too" (2018)[URL]
- "China’s BeiDou challenges US GPS dominance" (2023)[URL]
- "China’s version of GPS now has more satellites than US original" (2019)[URL]
- "Huawei Is Bad for Business" (2021)[URL]
- Murton, Galen, "Corridors. chokepoints and the contradictions of the Belt and Road Initiative", Asia Development Policy (2024)
- Ng, Teddy, "US defence agency report on Chinese space programme is smokescreen to hide arms race. Beijing says", South China Morning Post, ~ (2019)
- "5G Explained: Part One: Technology and Infrastructure" (2021)[URL]
- "Starlink satellites: Facts. tracking and impact on astronomy" (2024)[URL]
- Ruggi, Turner, "Counterstrategies to Economic Warfare: A Strategic Framework in a World of Weaponised Interdependence", The RUSI Journal (2023)
- Semiconductor Industry Association and Boston Consulting Group, "Strengthening the Global Semiconductor Supply Chain in an Uncertain Era", ~ (2023)
- "In 165 countries. China’s Beidou eclipses American GPS" (2020)[URL]
- "BRI. BeiDou and the Digital Silk Road" (2019)[URL]
- "FACT SHEET: Two Years after the CHIPS and Science Act. Biden-Harris Administration Celebrates Historic Achievements in Bringing Semiconductor Supply Chains Home. Creating Jobs. Supporting Innovation. and Protecting National Security" (2024)[URL]
- "Clean Network"[URL]
- "Ukraine relies on Starlink for its drone war. Russia appears to be bypassing sanctions to use the devices too" (2024)[URL]
