기술과 국제정치: 기술 패권경쟁시대의 한국의 전략
Technology and International Politics: Competition for Technological Hegemony and Korea’s Strategy
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초록
미중 기술패권 경쟁은 다양한 이슈, 분야, 차원을 아우르는 복합 경쟁이라는 점에서 과거의 기술 경쟁과 차별화된다. 미국과 중국의 경쟁은 다면적이고 다차원적인 ‘혁신 냉전(innovation cold war)’에 돌입하고 있다. 미국과 중국 모두 상대국의 기술 경쟁력 강화를 존재적 위협으로 인식한 결과 기술패권 경쟁이 불가피한 측면이 있다. 특히, 첨단기술은 선발의 이점이 크고 효과가 누적되며 겸용 기술의 가능성이 높기 때문에, 미중 양국은 기술경쟁에서 선제적 대응의 유혹을 더욱 크게 느끼게 된다. 미국과 중국이 첨단기술을 경제-안보 연계의 수단으로 활용하는 이유이다. 미중 기술 패권 경쟁으로 인한 불확실성에 대비하는 한국 대응 전략의 핵심은 다양한 정책들을 유기적으로 또 중첩적으로 연계하는 것이다. 이익의 극대화보다는 리스크를 관리하는 전략이 필요하다. 불확실성의 시대 리스크 관리는 정책 간 연계의 수준을 높이고, 대외 환경의 변화를 상시적으로 모니터링하여 탄력적으로 적응할 수 있는 국내 제도적 기반을 형성하며, 유사한 입장을 가진 국가들과의 국제협력을 적극 확대하는 데서 출발한다.
Abstract
The competition for technological hegemony between the U.S. and China is different from the past technology competition in that it is a complex competition that encompasses various issues, fields, and dimensions. The competition between the U.S. and China is multifaceted and multidimensional. The U.S. and China enter an “innovation cold war.” Recognizing each other as an existential threat, the U.S. and China are tempted to take preemptive moves in high tech competition. This is why the U.S. and China take advantage of advanced technology as a means of economic-security linkage. The key to Korea’s strategy to prepare for the uncertainty caused by the U.S.-China technological hegemony is to systematically combine various policies. Korea should place a high priority on risk management to interest maximization. The main thrust is (1) to focus on interfaces between policies, (2) to form a domestic institutional basis for flexible adaptation by constantly monitoring changes in the external environment, and (2) to actively expand international cooperation with like-minded countries with similar concerns.
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