소설 속의 ‘やる類’동사의 번역양상 7) - 夏目漱石의『こころ』를 중심으로 -

Abstract

The study analyzed how ‘Yaru type’ verbs in the Japanese modern novel『Kokor o』were translated to Korean and English. It focused on ‘the use by subjects of expressions and their opponents’ and ‘the structure of sentences’. ‘The use by subjects of expressions and their opponents’ could be summarized as follows. ‘Yaru’ was used to ‘receivers’ who were older than speakers in Japanese but honorific forms were used in Korean. ‘Ageru･Sashiageru’ were used to ‘receivers’ who were younger than speakers in Japanese but normal expressions were used in Korean. Translations in Korean and English by ‘the structure of sentences’ could be summarized as follows. In case of main verbs, vocabulary other than ‘Juda’ was selected by subjects of movement in Korean. Vocabulary that expressed detailed actions such as ‘receive’ ‘send’ ‘marry’ ‘write’ ‘be+possessive pronoun’ was used in English. In case of auxiliary verbs, different verbs were used by their meanings such as ‘profit･gratefulness’ ‘disadvantage’ ‘will’ ‘direction’. In case of expressions of will, basic forms were used in Japanese. However, vocabulary such as ‘-get’ was used to express detailed meanings in Korean and vocabulary such as ‘will’ ‘must’ was added to clarify meanings in English. Japanese expressions made of benefactive verb+benefactive verb focused on one benefactive verb and the other one only assisted the main verb when they were translated to deliver meanings. Because of the characteristic of benefactive verbs, personal relationships could be known even if ‘speakers’ ‘listeners’ ‘givers’ ‘receivers’ were omitted. However, ‘givers’ ‘receivers’ who were omitted in Japanese sentences were clearly suggested as ‘speakers’ ‘listeners’ ‘givers’ ‘receivers’ in English.