日本語と韓国語の音調システム

Abstract

This paper compares the pitch accent of the Tokyo dialect (the standard language) of Japanese and that of Seoul (Korea's standard). Until now, the Seoul dialect had been considered as having no accent ‐‐ representative of the Korean language ‐‐ but there are in fact ordered pitch patterns. In the Seoul dialect, there is a distinction in accent between declarative words and particle‐appended words; in words beyond a certain number of accent units, a pitch pattern exists. In the present paper, evidence for this interpretation will be given, along with the structure of the Seoul dialect accent and a comparison with it and that of Tokyo. Until now, the Seoul dialect has been treated as one with no accent, and the speakers as having no fixed pitch pattern. However, as seen above, the Seoul dialect maintains a difference between pitch in declarative and particle‐affixed words, and it has become clear that the pitch pattern can differ depending on which off our possible environments the utterance occursin. The pitch patterns for declarative forms are well‐defined. This means that Korean speakers recognize these patterns (HL, HHL, LHL, HHLL, LHLL, HHLLL, LHLLL...) and need a deeper understanding of pitch patterns. Basically, the Korean learners are retaining a pitch pattern with which they are already familiar. Pronunciation practice, in which the accent is clearly indicated, is needed for words containing patterns common to both languages. Finally, education in acquiring patterns that appear only in Japanese and not in Korean (HLL, LHHL, LHHH, LHHLL...) is necessary for Korean learners.