한・일 구어 자료에 나타나는 오노마토피어 비교・대조 연구―판소리와 교겐(狂言) 대본을 중심으로―

Abstract

This study is to make a list of onomatopoeic words, represented in Chinese characters as well as Korean or Japanese characters, in Pansori and Kyogen (狂言), each of which is spoken language material of Korean and Japanese. It also analyzes the characteristics in the form of onomatopoeia and compares them in terms of the degree of lexicalization. First of all, as for the form expansion of onomatopoeia, Pansori doesn't show any specific expansion pattern of the form. That is to say, independent patterns, frequently used in Pansori, don't have extended form patterns which allow a correlation between the forms. On the other hand, consistent form expansion patterns appear in Kyogen, even though they are quite simple compared to modern Japanese. There is no great difference in the numbers of individual onomatopoeic words used in Pansori and Kyogen, the one being 257 and the other being 247. Still, the number of onomatopoeic words repeatedly used in Pansori and Kyogen shows a striking contrast, as the repeated words of the latter (871 examples) are twice as many as those of the former (453 examples). In the case of Pansori, about half of the repeated words (176 examples) have frequency 1, most of the other words (51 examples) have frequency 2, and a few words such as 「kkwak」(tightly),「aegoaego」(ouch or oh my!),「kkamtchak」(with a start) and「ssyok」(right away) have frequency 11, 12, 12, and 13 respectively. No onomatopoeic words in Pansori show the frequency as high as those in Kyogen. On the contrary, the repeated words employed in Kyogen have higher frequency, with 86 words having frequency 2-5, 18 words having frequency 6-10, 5 words having frequency 11-20, and 6 words having frequency over 20. Even though the individual onomatopoeic words are only 247, they are reiterated several times in 871 examples. Although Korean Pansori has something in common with Japanese Kyogen in that both are the spoken language material of their modern language and used as scripts for theatrical performances, it is also different from its Japanese counterpart in that it employs onomatopoeia borrowed from Chinese characters quite effectively whereas Kyogen doesn't show many usages of onomatopoeia in Chinese characters. In the degree of lexicalization, most of the onomatopoeic words in Pansori and Kyogen are on level 1 and 2; those on level 3 are combined with 「-hada」(be or do) in Korean and with 「-する」(be or become) in Japanese. However, a few words like 「dandan：dandanhada」(hard : be hard)「kkotkkot：kkotkkothada」(straight : be straight) 「kangkam：kangkamhada」(dark : be dark) in Pansori belong to only level 3 in modern Korean, while they are also used on level 2 in Pansori.