負担度の差による謝罪行動の特徴に関する 韓日対照研究 －ポライトネス理論の観点から－

Abstract

The present study set scenes with low and high degree of apology and collected 128 dialogues from the apologetic conversations of Korean and Japanese male and female native speakers, respectively, in role playing setting. And this study examined the characteristics of their apologetic behaviors, focusing on politeness theory. The results showed that both speakers tended to make more ‘apologetic utterances’ in the scenes with light degree of apology, trying not to offend the other’s ‘face’ rather than to defend one’s own face. In the situations with high degree of apology, however, both speakers tended to try to defend both one’s own and the other’s face because it required serious apology, which resulted in the tendency of decreasing ‘apologetic utterances’ but increasing ‘circumstantial explanatory utterances’ and ‘considerate utterances of the other’, instead. On the other hand, the party to receive apology tended to accept other’s apology for considering the speakers’ face in the scenes with light degree of apology. In the situations with high degree of apology, however, the party to receive apology tended to make more ‘problem-solving utterances’ in terms of saving both the speaker’ and his own face. There were both cases that apology was accepted or rejected. In addition, both Korean female speakers and Japanese female speakers, respectively, used more ‘apologetic utterances’ than Korean male speakers and Japanese male speakers when they are on the side of making an apology. Reversely, when they were on the side of accepting an apology, both Korean male speakers and Japanese male speakers, respectively, used more ‘reproaching utterances’ than Korean female speakers and Japanese female speakers.It was found that Korean speakers and Japanese speakers were significantly different from in the utterances of ‘circumstantial explanation’, ‘mistake adjustment’,‘changing intent’ and ‘reproach’ at the scenes of low degree of apology and in the utterances of ‘responsibility’, ‘mistake adjustment’, and ‘reproach’ at the scenes of high degree of apology. It turned out that both Korean and Japanese share common traits of apologetic behaviors by degree of apology.