무대(無対)자동사의 타동사화 용법 연구

Abstract

In this article, we target 95 absolute transitive verbs in Japanese, detected in Gaikokujin‐no‐tamenoKihongoYoureiJiten (Agency for Cultural Affairs), and investigate transitivization of these verbs through the analysis of sentences involving the verbs extracted from BCCWJ and Yahoo! Japan. Based on the analysis of example sentences with causative forms of the 95 absolute intransitive verbs, they are classified into the following three types: (i) causativization is not possible, (ii) causativization is difficult to achieve, and (iii) transitivization is achieved. We then analyze them with special reference to their encoded meanings, in terms of states, actions of animate individuals, natural phenomena, honorifics, and mental states. Our findings are summarized in the following manner. Stative verbs, which are difficult to causativize, function as transitive verbs in the causative form with the meaning of forcing someone to do something. Verbs denoting an action of an animate individual, when they denote actions beyond the control of the doer’s volition and intention, are transitivized with an o‐marked (accusative marked) noun. Further, a causative form where body part of an animate individual is denoted by an o‐marked noun is transitivized in the reflexive use. Verbs denoting natural phenomena, when the referent of a subject has the nature of self‐chaging and the state denoted spontaneously changes, are transitivized. Finally, as for verbs denoting mental states of humans, when they denote a state and a subject noun selects a de‐marked noun which denotes a reason or a cause, they are transitivized in the causative form.