논문KCI 등재
시민권과 정체성 이동: 네팔 테라이 달리트 무사하르(Musahar)를 중심으로
Citizenship and Movement of Identity: Focused on the Terai Dalit Musahar in Nepal
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초록
본 연구는 네팔정부의 테라이 달리트 카스트 구분과 시민권 정책, 그리고 무사하르 집단의 정체성 이동 배경을 귀속의 정치라는 관점에서 분석하였다. 네팔에서 테라이 달리트는 카스트 위계에서 맨 하층에 위치한다. 테라이 달리트 중에서도 무사하르는 가장 사회적으로 배제되고, 경제적으로 후진적이며 정치적으로 주변화된 집단이다. 대부분의 무사하르는 단순노동자이며 무토지 상태에 있다. 토지소유권과 영구거주지가 없는 무사하르는 시민권 또는 시민증을 취득할 수 있는 통로가 차단되어 있다. 시민증이 없으면 공민권, 사회권 및 정치권이 제한된다. 이에 무사하르들은 집단 정체성을 달리트에서 종족집단으로 바꿈으로써 네팔국민으로의 귀속을 추진하고 있다. 무사하르는 자신들은 원래 인도 아대륙의 토착민이었지만 자민다르와 정부가 달리트 카스트로 편입시켰다고 주장하고 있다.
Abstract
This study analyzes the classification of Terai Dalits and citizenship policy of Nepal government, and the movement of changing group identity of the Musahar in Nepal, in terms of the politics of belonging. In Nepal, Terai Dalits remained at the bottom of the caste system. Amongst Terai Dalits, Musahars are the most socially ostracized, economically backward and politically marginalized caste group. The majority of Musahars are unskilled and landless. Due to the lack of landownership and permanent settlement, they can not gain the citizenship or citizenship certification. The lack of citizenship certificate restraints the civil, social and political rights of Musahars. Therefore, Musahars are now making an effort to be included as Nepalese citizen by changing their group identity from a Dalit caste to an ethnic group. For this purpose, Musahars insist that originally they were indigenous people of Indian subcontinent, but later incorporated into the caste system as a Dalit caste by zamindars and the state.
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