Political Orientation as a Determiner of Cultural Expenditures at the District Level in Local Korean Government
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The mayoral tenures of conservative Lee Myunbak and Oh Sehoon cemented the association of conservatives with local cultural spending in Korea. However, international experience suggests a prominent role for the left in cultural spending, particularly at the local level. Local cultural budgets have been studied well internationally, particularly with regards to political influences on expenditures. Local government autonomy, with popular political demands placed on the budget, suggests more opportunities to look to international explanations and how they can account for the dynamics of cultural spending in Korea. The study seeks to answer the question of the relationship between party and cultural spending by examining cultural expenditures from all 69 autonomous metropolitan city district governments over a period of five years (covering a full political budget cycle) from 2008-2012. The data were gathered and then analyzed using a random effects GLS regression model. In addition to party orientation, incrementalism, and political budget cycles (PBC) are considered as potential explanations, as are administrative, social, and economic factors. All of the variables were significant, except for election year. The variable for liberal district chief was positive and significant and well within the range predicted by the international literature. The PBC variables were negative or not significant. Incrementalism and local tax burden variables were positive and significant, while local budget autonomy was negative. The youth variable was also negative.
Abstract
The mayoral tenures of conservative Lee Myunbak and Oh Sehoon cemented the association of conservatives with local cultural spending in Korea. However, international experience suggests a prominent role for the left in cultural spending, particularly at the local level. Local cultural budgets have been studied well internationally, particularly with regards to political influences on expenditures. Local government autonomy, with popular political demands placed on the budget, suggests more opportunities to look to international explanations and how they can account for the dynamics of cultural spending in Korea. The study seeks to answer the question of the relationship between party and cultural spending by examining cultural expenditures from all 69 autonomous metropolitan city district governments over a period of five years (covering a full political budget cycle) from 2008-2012. The data were gathered and then analyzed using a random effects GLS regression model. In addition to party orientation, incrementalism, and political budget cycles (PBC) are considered as potential explanations, as are administrative, social, and economic factors. All of the variables were significant, except for election year. The variable for liberal district chief was positive and significant and well within the range predicted by the international literature. The PBC variables were negative or not significant. Incrementalism and local tax burden variables were positive and significant, while local budget autonomy was negative. The youth variable was also negative.
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