스트룹(Stroop) 효과에 대한 일반아동과 지적장애아동의 비교 연구
A Comparative Study on the Stroop Effects between Children with and without Intellectual Disabilities
0
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 일반아동과 지적장애아동의 비교를 통하여 스트룹 효과를 밝히고, 스트룹 과제 하위요인의 수행 능력을 통하여 지적장애아동의 주의 간섭과 촉진을 분석하는데 있다. 연구 참여자는 일반아동 22명, 생활연령 동일 지적장애아동 22명과 정신연령 동일 지적장애아동 27명으로 총 71명의 아동이다. 이들을 대상으로 스트룹 검사를 개별적으로 실시하였으며, 산출된 검사 점수를 이용하여 집단에 따른 스트룹 과제 하위요인의 수행 능력에 차이가 있는지를 비교하였다. 연구결과, 생활연령 동일 지적장애아동은 일반아동과 정신연령 동일 지적장애아동보다 스트룹 과제 하위요인(단어점수, 색상점수, 색상·단어불일치점수, 색상·단어일치점수, 간섭점수, 색상촉진점수, 단어촉진점수) 모두에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으나, 일반아동과 정신연령 동일 지적장애아동 간에는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 이는 IQ에 따른 MA(정신연령) 수준이 스트룹 과제 수행에 영향을 주고 있음을 보여주는 결과이다. 특히, 간섭효과와 촉진효과를 살펴본 결과, 생활연령 동일 지적장애아동은 일반아동과 정신연령 동일 지적장애아동에 비해 낮은 점수를 보이면서도 단어촉진효과가 나타나지 않은 것은 상충하는 반응을 통합하고 해결하는 능력이 부족한 것으로 해석할 수 있다.
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to investigate the Stroop effects by comparing children with and without intellectual disabilities and analyze the attention interference and facilitation of children with intellectual disabilities depending on the performance of the sub-factors(words, colors, incongruent between colors and words, congruent between colors and words, interference, color facilitation, word facilitation) of Stroop tasks. Seventy one children were selected as subjects consisting of 22 children without Intellectual Disabilities; 22 children with intellectual disabilities and their corresponding chronological age; and 27 children with intellectual disabilities and their corresponding mental age as well. Each of these subjects was taken the Stroop test and the results were used to compare the groups depending on the performance of the sub-factors of Stroop tasks. As a result, there were statistical significant differences in the scores of all the sub-factors of Stroop tasks between children with intellectual disabilities of their corresponding chronological age and children without and children with intellectual disabilities of their corresponding mental age. No significant differences were found between children without and children with intellectual disabilities of their corresponding mental age. These findings indicate that the MA(mental age) level according to IQ has influenced on the performance of Stroop tasks. The interference and facilitation effects results especially have shown that children with intellectual disabilities of their corresponding chronological age recorded a lower score than children without and children with disabilities of their corresponding mental age, and however, have not shown the word facilitation effects which imply that they lacked the ability to put together and resolve conflicting reactions.
참고문헌 (41)
- 김진희, "경도인지장애 집단의 스트룹 간섭효과를 통해 살펴본 집행기능 손상", 석사, 언어병리학과, pp.2012
- 신민섭, "임상 심리학회: 포스터발표; 한국판 아동용 스트룹 색상·단어 검사의 표준화 연구", 한국심리학회 연차 학술발표논문집, 2006(단일), pp.628~629 (2006)
- 신민섭, "스트룹 아동 색상-단어 검사" (2007), 학시사
- 오은미, "일반학술논문: 자극-반응 양립성이 스트룹(Stroop) 과제수행에 미치는효과", 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물, 4(단일), pp.105~114 (1992)
- 이지영, "스트룹 간섭의 희석 및 중복 효과", 인지과학, 22(4), pp.469~494 (2011), 한국인지과학회
- 이은주, "기억의 신경심리학" (2003), 군자줄판사
- 정우림, "Bilingual lexical processing in the Stroop task: Evidence from an fMRI study", 이중언어학, (44), pp.319~343 (2010), 이중언어학회
- 제갈은주, "정서 스트룹 과제에서 나타나는 우울증 환자들의 인지편향 현상", 한국심리학회지:일반, 31(1), pp.111~126 (2012), 한국심리학회
- 조중열, "관찰 : 한글, 한자 및 영어를 사용한 교차-표기 동음어에서의 스트룹 효과", 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물, 14(4), pp.485~499 (2002)
- 조증열, "공동연구: 한글과 영어의 표기가 교차된 동음어 (cross-script homophone) 에서 나타난 스트룹 효과", 인문논총, 9(단일), pp.37~48 (1997)
- 조증열, "공동연구 : 한글과 한자를 사용한 스트룹 과제에서의 간섭효과.", 인문논총, 11(단일), pp.5~19 (1998)
- 조증열, "공동연구 : 한글과 한자를 사용한 스트룹 과제에서 간섭의 유형.", 인문논총, 8(단일), pp.29~36 (1996)
- Baars, B. J., "Cognition, brain, and consciousness : Introduction to cognitive" (2010), Academic Press
- Bassett, J. E., "Performance of retardates on the Stroop color-word test", Perceptual and Motor Skills, 43(3f), pp.1259~1262 (1976)
- Botvinick, M. M., "Conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex : an update", Trends in cognitive sciences, 8(12), pp.539~546 (2004)
- Cohen, J. D., "On the control of automatic processes : a parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect", Psychological review, 97(3), pp.332~ (1990)
- Comalli Jr, P. E., "Interference effects of Stroop color-word test in childhood, adulthood, and aging", The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 100(1), pp.47~53 (1962)
- Dalrymple-Alford, E. C., "Examination of some aspects of the Stroop color-word test", Perceptual and motor skills, 23(3f), pp.1211~1214 (1966)
- Das, J. P., "Development of verbal abilities in retarded and normal children as measured by Stroop test", British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 8(1), pp.59~66 (1969)
- Das, J. P., "Changes in Stroop‐Test Responses as a Function of Mental Age", British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(1), pp.68~73 (1970)
- Duncan, J., "Common regions of the human frontal lobe recruited by diverse cognitive demands", Trends in neurosciences, 23(10), pp.475~483 (2000)
- Ellis, N. R., "Further evidence for cognitive inertia of persons with mental retardation", American Journal on Mental Retardation, 93(4), pp.412~423 (1991)
- Ellis, N. R., "Automatic effortful processing and cognitive inertia in persons with mental retardation", American Journal on Mental Retardation, 95(6), pp.613~612 (1989)
- Frackowiak, R. S. J., "Human brain" (2004), Academic Press
- Fraisse, Paul., "Why is naming longer than reading?", Acta Psychologica, 30, pp.96~103 (1969)
- Golden, C. J., "A group version of the Stroop Color and Word Test", Journal of personality assessment, 39(4), pp.386~388 (1975)
- Golden, C. J., "Stroop colour and word test", age, 15, pp.90~ (1978)
- Horwitz, S. M., "The health status and needs of individuals with mental" (2001), Yale University
- Jensen, A. R, "The Stroop color-word test : A review", Acta psychologica, 25, pp.36~93 (1966)
- Lovett, M. C., "A Strategy‐Based Interpretation of Stroop", Cognitive Science, 29(3), pp.493~524 (2005)
- MacLeod, C. M., "Half a century of research on the Stroop effect : an integrative review", Psychological bulletin, 109(2), pp.163~ (1991)
- MacLeod, C. M., "The Stroop task : the"gold standard"of attentional measures", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 121(1), pp.12~ (1992)
- MacLeod, C. M., "Interdimensional interference in the Stroop effect : Uncovering the cognitive and neural anatomy of attention", Trends in cognitive sciences, 4(10), pp.383~391 (2000)
- Marrocco, R. T., "Neurochemistry of attention, In The attentive brain", pp.35~577 (1998), The MIT Press
- Monahan, J. S., "Coloring single Stroop elements: Reducing automaticity or slowing color processing?", The Journal of General Psychology, 128(1), pp.98~112 (2001)
- Pothos, E. M., "Inducing a Stroop effect", Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(7), pp.1021~1033 (2010)
- Squire, L. R., "Fundamental neuroscience" (2012), Academic Press
- Stroop, J. R., "Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions", Journal of experimental psychology, 18(6), pp.643~ (1935)
- van Maanen, L., "Stroop and picture—word interference are two sides of the same coin", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(6), pp.987~999 (2009)
- Willner, P., "Evaluation of executive functioning in people with intellectual disabilities", Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(4), pp.366~379 (2010)
- Yusoff, N., "Modelling the Stroop Effect: Dynamics in Inhibition of Automatic Stimuli Processing Advances in Cognitive Neurodynamics (II)", pp.641~645 (2011), Springer