스코틀랜드 계몽주의와 자생질서론
The Scottish Enlightenment and Hayek's Spontaneous Order Theory
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The purpose of this paper is to criticize Friedrich Hayek’s affirmation that his theory of spontaneous order is an intellectual heritage of the Scottish enlightenment. His theory of spontaneous order is based on his severe criticism of Cartesian constructive rationalism. He regards this kind of rationalism as the intellectual bastion of human design for the establishment of utopian world. However, he concludes, this design leads us only to the road to serfdom because the design necessarily has an element of authoritarian control in its core to accomplish the purpose. He asserts that the limit of human reason can not afford us the brave new way to the ideal society. He maintains that human society does not result from any kind of design but runs spontaneously by way of evolution up to the better stage. Market order is the best example which leads us prosperity and freedom. In this point he is very proud of his being a disciple of the Scottish enlightenment intellectuals such as David Hume, Adam Smith and Adam Ferguson and of Bernard Mandeville as well. This paper focuses on the problem as to if these intellectuals had no ideas of design. The conclusion is that all of them recognized the necessity of some kinds of design in human society. Especially both Smith and Ferguson discoursed in the linguistic context of civic republicanism diagnosing the pathological phenomena of commercial market society. Their discourses were the very designs for the recovery of civic virtue. This is not the way Hayek believe firmly we have to choose.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to criticize Friedrich Hayek’s affirmation that his theory of spontaneous order is an intellectual heritage of the Scottish enlightenment. His theory of spontaneous order is based on his severe criticism of Cartesian constructive rationalism. He regards this kind of rationalism as the intellectual bastion of human design for the establishment of utopian world. However, he concludes, this design leads us only to the road to serfdom because the design necessarily has an element of authoritarian control in its core to accomplish the purpose. He asserts that the limit of human reason can not afford us the brave new way to the ideal society. He maintains that human society does not result from any kind of design but runs spontaneously by way of evolution up to the better stage. Market order is the best example which leads us prosperity and freedom. In this point he is very proud of his being a disciple of the Scottish enlightenment intellectuals such as David Hume, Adam Smith and Adam Ferguson and of Bernard Mandeville as well. This paper focuses on the problem as to if these intellectuals had no ideas of design. The conclusion is that all of them recognized the necessity of some kinds of design in human society. Especially both Smith and Ferguson discoursed in the linguistic context of civic republicanism diagnosing the pathological phenomena of commercial market society. Their discourses were the very designs for the recovery of civic virtue. This is not the way Hayek believe firmly we have to choose.
참고문헌 (37)
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