하이에크의 자유주의와 제도 개혁의 가능성
Hayek’s Liberalism and the Possibility of Institutional Reform
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하이에크의 문화진화를 학습과 경쟁적 선별이라는 두 개의 진화 메커니즘이 작동하는 과정으로 이해한다면, 규칙과 제도의 진화 과정에서 행위주체의 의도적인 설계가 반드시 배제될 필요는 없다. 즉 하이에크의 구성주의에 대한 비판이 모든 제도설계에 대한 거부로 이해되어서는 안 된다. 하이에크 역시 시장 경쟁은 적절한 규칙에 의해서 제약될 필요가 있을 뿐만 아니라, 그러한 규칙이 반드시 자생적 기원을 가질 필요는 없음을 인정하고 있다. 규칙과 제도의 영역에서 행위주체에게 자유로운 실험을 보장하는 동시에 그러한 대안들의 잠재적 한계를 인식하고 그것들이 끊임없이 경쟁적 환경에 노출될 수 있는 제도적 틀을 설계하는 것이 자유주의 입법기구의 임무이다. 자생적 시장질서와 자유주의 입법 간의 이러한 통합된 이해는 하이에크의 문화진화론을 평가할 수 있는 일관된 자유주의적 관점을 제공할 수 있다.
Abstract
can be said that two evolutionary mechanisms, the adaptive learning and competitive selection operate simultaneously in Hayek’s cultural evolution, the intentional institution-design cannot be necessarily excluded in the evolutionary process of social rules and institutions. Hayek’s criticism of constructivism should not be understood as objection to any institutional design. Hayek did not only admitted that market competition is necessary to be constrained by appropriate rules, but that the origins of them cannot be spontaneous. In the domain of rules, design of institutional frame which allows the individuals to experiment and choose freely the alternatives and subjects them constantly to competitive selection is the role of liberal legislation. The relation between spontaneous social order and liberal legislation allow us to understand consistently Hayek’s cultural evolution in the perspective of liberalism.
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