영국 뉴 라이트(The New Right)의 이념적 한계 -하이에크의 ‘자생적 질서’와 자유시장 이론의 현실적용의 문제점-
The Ideological Limitation of British New Right: Problems of F.A. Hayek’s Theory of Spontaneous Order and Neoliberal Social and Economical Arguments
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In the 1940s Hayek gave up economics for social philosophy, but not before developing a powerful critique of central planning. That time mainstream economists believed that under suitable conditions central planning could be highly productive. Against this consensus Hayek argued that it was inherently unworkable. The core of Hayek’s argument was that the planners could never possess the knowledge they need to organize economic life efficiently. He called the idea that humanity can design whatever institutions it wishes “constructivism”. Hayek argued that collective government control of an economy will lead to totalitarianism because every aspect of economic life becomes politicized. Hayek thought that the idea of constructivism has much destructive consequences. Hayek also believed the free market appears spontaneously. Emerging as the unintended consequences of countless human actions, it is not the result of any human design. Hayek’s argument was that free market orders are more productive than central government control of economics. The free market, though based on state laws and their enforcement, keeps discretionary government intervention to a minimum. He also saw the desirability and necessity of change. But he adopted an evolutionary interpretation of the progress of human society. Hayek saw the development of world civilization in the direction of great material wealth as largely evolutionary. As an account of the emergence of the free market Hayek’s belief is the opposite of the truth. Laissez-faire came about as a result of central planning. The free market in Britain in the mid-nineteenth century was an artefact of state power. The same was true in the late twentieth century. Reinventing the market could be done by Thatcher's highly centralized state. He also contributed to a harmful type of thinking: while illuminating the irrationality of central planning he overlooked that of market process. Hayek’s achievement was to show that a successful planned economy is a utopia. He failed to notice that the same is true of the self-regulating market.
Abstract
In the 1940s Hayek gave up economics for social philosophy, but not before developing a powerful critique of central planning. That time mainstream economists believed that under suitable conditions central planning could be highly productive. Against this consensus Hayek argued that it was inherently unworkable. The core of Hayek’s argument was that the planners could never possess the knowledge they need to organize economic life efficiently. He called the idea that humanity can design whatever institutions it wishes “constructivism”. Hayek argued that collective government control of an economy will lead to totalitarianism because every aspect of economic life becomes politicized. Hayek thought that the idea of constructivism has much destructive consequences. Hayek also believed the free market appears spontaneously. Emerging as the unintended consequences of countless human actions, it is not the result of any human design. Hayek’s argument was that free market orders are more productive than central government control of economics. The free market, though based on state laws and their enforcement, keeps discretionary government intervention to a minimum. He also saw the desirability and necessity of change. But he adopted an evolutionary interpretation of the progress of human society. Hayek saw the development of world civilization in the direction of great material wealth as largely evolutionary. As an account of the emergence of the free market Hayek’s belief is the opposite of the truth. Laissez-faire came about as a result of central planning. The free market in Britain in the mid-nineteenth century was an artefact of state power. The same was true in the late twentieth century. Reinventing the market could be done by Thatcher's highly centralized state. He also contributed to a harmful type of thinking: while illuminating the irrationality of central planning he overlooked that of market process. Hayek’s achievement was to show that a successful planned economy is a utopia. He failed to notice that the same is true of the self-regulating market.
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