1920년대 경성부 사회사업과 빈민‧주택조사의 정치성 - 민족주의 정치세력의 정치기획을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The ‘Rice Riots of 1918’ in Japan and the March 1st Movement in 1919 were the incidents revealed the problem of the administration of the Japanese Empire. As the gap between the rich and the poor had been increased due to the industrialization during the First World War, the economic hardships of middle class and below were intensified. Due to rapid inflation for advance into the Manchuria, speculators in rice appeared in Chosun and Japan, and the asymmetric balance between the accumulation of capital and the stabilization of livelihood has been broken. The public’s resistance against the imperalism led to proletarian revolution theory as well as social discourse requiring political unity. The nationalism political power which appeared through limitedly opened public sphere in 1920s was dominating hegemony of public sphere more opened compared to the past while showing vigilance against proletarian revolution of socialism group. The issues like poor people and housing problem in Keijyo (Seoul) were threatening the stability of Korean people as well as emphasizing the problem of colonization. Moreover, in 1920s, the suvival issue of Koreans became public for the first time due to depression, and the social work began to create friction against individual’s profit seeking activities. This thesis will study the contents of social work conducted in Keijyo (Seoul), and the direction of interpretation for survey on the poor and housing produced in the course of the social work. Generally, various social surveys and knowledge conducted to ease the crisis of regime are accepted as objective indexes to understand the situation, and it suggests reasonable basis for social decision making. Therefore, consideration on how the public sphere of Koreans could handle these issues has the meaning to explore the relationship between the survival, public interest, nationalism political power and colonization.