역사 교과서에 서술된 원 제국의 인구 구성에 대한 비판적 검토
A Critical Review of the Representation of the Mongol-Yuan Empire’s Population Structure in History Textbooks
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Abstract
This study critically examines the population figures of the Yuan Empire - 1 million Mongols(1.5%), 1 million Semu people(1.5%), 10 million Han Chinese(14%), and 60 million Southern Chinese(83%) - as presented consistently in Korean middle and high school history textbooks. These figures are frequently cited as evidence of ‘Mongol supremacy’ or ethnic discrimination, yet they lack clear historical or scholarly foundations. Historical records from the Yuan period provide only partial and inconsistent demographic data, and categorizing the population by ethnic group with precise numbers is considered infeasible by current academic standards. This paper argues that the textbook figures are mostly based on speculative assumptions and that such simplified presentations risk distorting the complex political and social realities of the Yuan Empire. The study calls for future textbooks to adopt a more cautious and contextual approach when addressing ethnic hierarchies and demographic issues of the period.