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제2차 세계대전 이후 호주와 영국의 샌프란시스코 강화조약에 대한 정책 비교 - 일본의 군사력 억제, 중국 면화 시장 장악, 그리고 제국의 몰락을 방지하고자 한 욕망 사이에서 -

A Comparative Analysis of Australian and British Policies Toward the San Francisco Peace Treaty: Between the Demilitarization of Japan, a Desire to Monopolize the Chinese Cotton Market, and Preventing the Decline of an Empire

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이 논문은 호주와 영국이 바라본 샌프란시스코 강화조약에 대한 영문 논문과 책들을 분석하고 호주와 영국이 인식한 샌프란시스코 강화조약의 중요성을 비교하면서 두 가지 주장을 펼칠 것이다. 첫째, 호주와 영국의 일본정책에서 알 수 있는 공통적으로 중요한 사실은 샌프란시스코 강화조약을냉전의 산물로만 바라볼 것이 아니라 1950년대라는 특수한 전후 상황에맞춘 지정학적 전략들을 국가적인 차원에서 고려할 때 국가 안보와 위상이라는 문제도 샌프란시스코 강화조약과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 일본의 군사력 억제라는 목표를 전후 세계 질서 확립의 근본적인 이유로 설정한 호주와 영국의 입장들도 충분히 고려할 가치가 있으며, 샌프란시스코 강화조약이 냉전의 산물만이 아닌 제2차 세계대전의 종료에 따른결과물이라는 측면을 고려하는 한편, 호주의 국가 안보와 대영제국의 존속이라는 자존심 및 정체성 문제와 직결되는 지정학적 산물이라는 인식을 가질 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 이런 인식을 강조하기 위해서 호주와 영국의 샌프란시스코 강화조약에 대한 인식과 정책들을 살펴본 뒤, 일본을 견제하고자 한 목표는 같았지만 호주와 영국이 국가 안보와 제국의 유지 및 세계 면화 시장에서의 경쟁력 유지를 위해 일본을 억제했다는 차이 속에서 일본의반공국가 변모라는 미국의 구상이 호주와 영국에게 설득력이 없었다고 주장하자고 한다.

Abstract

This article analyzes articles and books on Australian and British perspectives of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, compares the importance of Australia and Britain in the Peace Treaty, and makes two conclusions. First, it is evident from Australia and Britain’s postwar policies toward Japan that the treaty must not be viewed merely as a relic of the Cold War but should be considered in conjunction with national security and concerns about international prestige. Second, Australia and Britain’s common concerns about restricting the militarization of Japan deserve more attention in its own right, and the San Francisco Peace Treaty must be linked not only with the Cold War but also with the national security of Australia and the maintenance, pride, and a unique identity of the British Empire. This article compares Australian and British perspectives and policies toward the San Francisco Peace Treaty to emphasize this new perspective and argue that while the two countries shared the common objective of restricting Japan’s military capabilities, Australia aimed to strengthen its national security through such a measure while Britain wished to preserve its empire and maintain its influence in the global market for cotton by pursuing the common goal of restricting Japan’s military capabilities. While Austraiia and Britain may have both wanted to demilitarize Japan, insofar as differences in such strategic interests existed, the United States’ desire to transform Japan from a wartime enemy to a Cold War ally had no persuasive resonance and salience with either country.

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