프리젠티즘의 특성에 대한 한국, 미국, 일본간의 국제비교 연구
A Comparative Study on the Characteristic of Presenteeism between Korea, USA. and Japan
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초록
본 연구에서는 프리젠티즘에 관하여 연구해보고자 한다. 즉, 프리젠티즘이 유발하는 결과인 성과와의 관계에 주목한다. 성과뿐만 아니라 직장에서의 상황이 가정까지 전이 되는 것을 증명해보자 했다. 특히 한국, 미국, 일본의 국제간 비교를 통해 향후 국내에서 프리젠티즘의 영향력을 전망해 볼 수 있을 것이며, 이를 토대로 보다 효과적 정책마련이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 프리젠티즘은 조직과 개인 그리고 가정생활 전반에 걸쳐 조직구성원의 상태를 총체적으로 알아볼 수 있기 때문에 중요하다. 그리고 궁극적으로 프리젠티즘 관리로 인해 조직구성원들의 일-가정 균형과 직무성과의 향상을 도모할 수 있게 하여 국가 경쟁력 강화라는 목표달성을 가능하게 하여 그 중요성이 더욱 부각된다. 연구 결과는 첫째, 프리젠티즘은 일-가정 균형과 부(-)의 영향관계가 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구에서 일-가정 균형의 영향요인이면서 상관관계분석에서 일-가정 균형과 유의한 상관관계가 나타난 성별, 연령, 결혼, 교육수준, 직위, 근속년수를 통제변수로 통제하면서 프리젠티즘과 일-가정 균형의 관계를 살펴보았다. 프리젠티즘이 많이 나타날수록 일-가정 균형이 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 컨디션 난조를 겪음에도 불구하고 회사에 출근하면서 업무를 진행할 때는 일과 가정영역에서 요구되는 역할을 모두 성공적으로 균형적으로 성취했다는 느낌을 감소시킨다는 것이다. 둘째, 프리젠티즘과 직무성과도 부(-)의 영향관계가 나타났다. 조직구성원의 건강이 좋지 못한 상태로 출근하여 업무를 진행할 때는 연구 초기에 기대했던 것처럼, 직무성과가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한국, 미국, 일본의 프리젠티즘 특성 관계를 비교하여 살펴보니, 나라마다 특성이 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점을 논의했다.
Abstract
All office workers must have had the experience at least once of going to work while not feeling in the best condition. However, if this is neglected in an organization, the situation will appear worse. Since a long time ago, studies have shown a relationship between health and many areas including work productivity and a positive atmosphere in an organization. The often heard saying “sound body, sound mind” also demonstrates the importance of health. presenteeism means that the members of an organization “do not work although they are at work” and “exhibit only minimal ability”. It means the phenomenon that although people are at work their job performance drops significantly because their condition is not normal owing to temporary ailments such as an allergy or asthma or migraine or severe work stress. This study reviews the parameters that have an effect on presenteeism, makes inferences in accordance with situational factors in explaining the process of mitigating presenteeism, and through this focuses on a process ultimately leading to work-family balance and job performance. The study attempted to prove not only changes in performance but also the broader influence of a work situation even on a family. In particular, through a comparison with developed and neighboring countries, it will be possible to forecast the influence of presenteeism in Korea in the future, and based on this it will be also possible to prepare an effective policy. This research is to study presenteeism of members of a organization. As the result of a comparative study of the consequences of on the relationship of presenteeism, work-family balance, and job performance in Korean, American, and Japanese. The results showed a significant difference on the effects of presenteeism between Korean, American, and Japanese’s the members in the organizations. Finally, based on the analysis of this study, its theoretical, managerial implication and directions for future research are suggested.
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