프리젠티즘의 연구 동향 분석과 실무적 시사점
Presenteeism : Research Trends Analysis and Future Practical Suggestions
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 심리적·신체적 불편함으로 인해 휴식을 취하거나 결근을 해야 함에도 불구하고 출근하여 직무를 수행하는 현상 즉, “프리젠티즘(presenteeism)”에 대한 기존의 연구들을 분석하고 향후 연구에 대한 시사점을 정리한 리뷰 논문이다. 프리젠티즘의 주제는 개인과 삶의 균형 및 조직 생산성 제고 차원에서 중요함에도 불구하고 그 동안 국내적으로 충분한 연구가 이루어지지 못했다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내외 학술지 게재 논문을 중심으로 연구주제, 연구자료와 연구방법별로 분류하여 연구동향을 분석하였고, 이를 바탕으로 새로운 연구 방향과 실무적 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 국내외 총 68개 학술지 논문을 분석한 결과, 질병관련 프리젠티즘(sickness presenteeism) 연구가 다수를 차지했다(국내 100%, 해외 88.6%). 프리젠티즘 연구의 초점은 해외연구에서는 선행요인에 대한 연구 56.8%, 다른 변인들과의 관계연구 31.8%, 결과변수에 대한 연구 9.1%인 반면 국내연구에서는 선행요인 연구가 83.3%, 결과변수와 다른 변인들과의 관계 연구가 각각 8.3%씩을 차지했다. 연구방법 면에서 해외연구는 실태 또는 현상분석 54.5%, 가설검증 27.3%, 탐색적 연구 13.6%로 비교적 다양한 반면 국내연구는 실태 또는 현상분석 83.3%와 가설검증 16.7%로 양분되어 있고, 해외연구와 달리 국내연구는 모두 횡단연구(100%)였다. 해외연구의 경우 건강문제 이외에 프리젠티즘 영향 요인으로 개인관련 특성, 조직관련 요인, 심리적 요인, 태도 및 조직유효성 요인 등에 대한 연구 및 프리젠티즘의 결과변수, 다른 변수들과의 인과관계, 종단연구, 질적연구와 같이 연구주제, 연구방법, 자료의 종류 면에서도 다양한 연구가 수행되었다. 반면 국내연구에서는 주로 건강위험 요인들과 프리젠티즘의 영향 및 관계, 횡단연구 등 아직 연구주제, 방법 및 자료의 종류 면에서 미미한 상황이다. 최근 몇 년 사이 프리젠티즘의 연구에 대한 다양한 접근이 이루어지고 있으며 국가 간 비교 연구와 같은 의미 있는 진전으로 인해 국내연구의 발전 가능성을 확인한다.
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive literature review of “Presenteeism” research published in Korea as well as overseas and attempts to shed some much needed light on the phenomenon of people who, despite complaints and ill health that should prompt rest and absence from work, are still turning up at their jobs. The present study is to provide insights for future researchers on this somewhat recently emerged topic and to help better foster researches with this newly attracting topic in Korea. Sixty eight journal articles from Korea and overseas were selected and analyzed. The health related ‘sickness presenteeism’(100% in local and 88.6% in overseas) was the majority of definition researched. Overseas researches were conducted for the determinants(56.8%), relation and causality with other variables(31.8%) and dependent variables(9.1%) in research focus, ‘hypo’ test(27.3%) in study type, and longitudinal analysis(13.6%) in methodology, while domestic researches employed mainly determinants(83.3%), dependent variables and relations and causality(8.3%, respectively), ‘hypo’ test(16.7%) and cross-sectional(100%). Compared to the overseas researches that have conducted various factors such as personally, work, and socio-demographically mediated factors as ascribing to presenteeism other than the health, the ones in Korea have mainly studied health factors attributing to presenteeism and their effects and relations. The implications, limitations and recommendation for future research are also suggested.
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