윤리적 리더십이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향 - 마음챙김의 매개효과와 도덕적 강도의 조절효과 -
The Effects of Ethical Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Followers - Mediating Effects of Mindfulness and Moderating Effects of Moral Intensity -
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참고문헌
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초록
급변하는 조직환경 속에서 조직의 효과성을 극대화하는데 기여할 수 있는 리더의 특성과 행동은 조직연구에서 오랜 관심사였다. 오늘날 조직연구에서 리더십에 대한 논의는 다양한 양상으로 나타나고 있는데, 특히, 21세기 들어서면서 조직의 규모나 성격을 막론하고 리더의 윤리성에 대한 관심이 점차 확산되고 있다. 이는 리더의 윤리성이 조직의 성패에 지대한 영향을 미친다는 공감대가 확산되어 가기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 상사의 윤리적 리더십이 구성원의 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향을 사회학습이론을 기반으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 윤리적 리더십이 구성원의 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향력 과정에서 마음챙김의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였으며, 나아가 윤리적 리더십이 마음챙김을 매개로 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향력 과정에서 구성원의 도덕적 강도의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 공군 장병을 대상으로 자료를 수집하여 연구가설을 분석한 결과 상사의 윤리적 리더십은 조직구성원의 조직시민행동에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치며 이러한 영향력 관계를 마음챙김이 매개함이 확인되었다. 이는 리더가 윤리적 리더십을 발휘하면 조직구성원들은 조직시민행동을 할 가능성이 높아짐을 의미한다. 또한, 윤리적 리더십을 발휘하는 리더는 조직구성원들로 하여금 항상 주의를 기울이고 직무환경에 대해서 깨어있음을 느끼게 하고, 조직구성원들의 마음챙김이 높아지면 조직을 위한 자발적 행동인 조직시민행동을 더 많이 하게 됨을 의미한다. 한편 윤리적 리더십이 마음챙김에 미치는 영향에서 도덕적 강도의 조절효과를 확인하였는데, 윤리적 리더십이 마음챙김에 미치는 영향은 도덕적 강도가 높을 때 더 강하게 나타났다. 또한, 윤리적 리더십이 마음챙김을 매개로 조직시민행동에 미치는 간접효과도 도덕적 강도에 의해서 정(+)적으로 조절됨이 확인되었다. 즉, 윤리적 리더십이 조직시민행동에 미치는 간접효과는 도덕적 강도가 높을 때 더 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 상사의 윤리적 리더십이 구성원의 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향을 사회학습이론 관점에서 논의하고 이를 실증적으로 규명하였다는 점에서 이론적 시사점을 가진다. 보다 중요하게도 그러한 영향력이 어떠한 과정으로 이루어졌는지를 마음챙김과 도덕적 강도를 활용하여 검증하였다는 점에서 이론적 시사점을 가진다. 또한, 조직의 관점에서 구성원의 조직시민행동을 촉진하기 위해서는 관리자로 하여금 윤리적 리더십을 발휘하게 하는 방안을 마련할 필요성을 제기하였다는 점에서 실무적 시사점을 가진다.
Abstract
In spite of the increasing studies on the ethical leadership in organizations, there are many questions to be explored. In particular, scholars have suggested that studies should examine the influential process of ethical leadership on followers' attitudes and behaviors. In this study, we examined the effects of ethical leadership on organizational citizenship behaviors of organizational members. In doing so, we introduced mindfulness of followers as a potential mediator. Moreover, we suggested that the effects of ethical leadership on organizational citizenship behaviors of followers through their mindfulness would be moderated by moral intensity. Based on previous studies on ethical leadership, organizational citizenship behavior, mindfulness, and moral intensity, and social learning theory and social exchange theory, this study discussed the relationships among above-mentioned constructs and empirically examined aforementioned relationships. Data was collected from Korean Air Force. The results show that ethical leadership is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior of organizational members. That is, followers working with leaders who exert high ethical behaviors are more likely to show organizational citizenship behaviors. The relationships between ethical leadership and followers' organizational citizenship behaviors is mediated by mindfulness of organizational members. Ethical leadership enhances the level of mindfulness of organizational members and then, enhanced level of mindfulness is positively related to organizational citizenship behaviors. Also, the relationships between ethical leadership and mindfulness is moderated by moral intensity of organizational members, such that the effects of ethical leaderships on mindfulness is stronger for those with higher moral intensity than those with lower moral intensity. Finally, the indirect effects of ethical leadership on organizational citizenship behavior via mindfulness is also moderated by moral intensity, such that the indirect effects of ethical leadership is stronger for those with higher moral intensity. The findings of this study expand the extant understanding of influential process of ethical leadership on organizational members' attitudes and behaviors.
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