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윤리적 리더십이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향: 동일시, 내면화, 순종의 조절효과

Impact of Ethical Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Moderating Effect of Identification, Internalization and Compliance

이태식|함상우
한국기업경영학회 (Korean Corporation Management Association)|2015.02|기업경영연구 (Korean Corporation Management Review)|제22권 제1호|pp. 133-154

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참고문헌

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윤리적 리더십조직시민행동IdentificationCompliance순종Organizational Citizenship BehaviorEthical LeadershipInternalization내면화동일시
주제분류경영학

초록

오늘날 기업은 사회적 책임의 의무를 지니며, 장기적 관점에서 성장과 발전을 도모해야 한다. 윤리경영은 기업의 사회적 책임, 이미지, 구성원의 만족, 장기적 성장 등과 관련성을 지니며 중요성이 커지고 있다. 리더는 기업이 윤리경영을 실천하는데 있어 가장 중요한 역할을 지닌다. 리더의 윤리적 의사결정은 구성원과 기업차원에서의 윤리적 경영활동에 영향을 미친다. 그래서 윤리적 리더십이 구성원들의 윤리적 행동과 관련하여 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향을 설명하고, 윤리경영과 함께 구성원의 성과 향상에 영향을 미치는 윤리적 리더십의 중요성을 입증한다. 그리고 윤리적 리더십이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향력을 높이기 위한 방안으로 리더에 대한 수용의 자세로 동일시, 내면화, 순종의 관련성을 설명한다. 윤리적 리더가 구성원들의 윤리적 행동에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 구성원들이 리더를 어떻게 수용하고 인지하는가에 따라 영향력에는 차이가 발생할 것이다. 구성원은 리더를 역할모델로 여기고 행동을 본받으며 리더와 같이 되기 위해서 혹은 자신이 윤리적 행동을 하여 리더로부터 받을 수 있는 보상과 이익을 위해서 보다 윤리적으로 행동을 하게 될 것이다. 그래서 윤리적 리더십과 조직시민행동의 관계에서 동일시, 내면화, 순종의 조절효과를 입증한다. 연구분석을 위해 서울 소재 11개 기업을 중심으로 설문을 실시했고, 실증 분석의 결과로 먼저 윤리적 리더십은 구성원의 조직시민행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 동일시만이 윤리적 리더십과 조직시민행동의 관계를 정(+)적으로 조절하고, 내면화는 유의한 조절효과나 나타나지 않았으며, 순종의 경우 연구의 설계와 다르게 부(-)적인 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 이 연구는 윤리적 리더십의 효과 중 구성원의 조직시민행동을 증가시키는 역할을 설명한다. 그리고 윤리적 리더는 자신의 영향력을 증가시키기 위한 방안으로 구성원들이 자신에게 동일시를 인지할 수 있도록 노력해야 할 것이며 일방적인 순종은 지양하도록 만들어야 함을 제시한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of the ethical leadership on the members’ organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, the moderating effect of identification, internalization and compliance between the ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. These statements are the purpose of this research. In these days, most of companies have the duty to comply with social responsibility. The companies’ long-term plan is seeking growth and developing. These are which companies need to be done. Business ethic becomes a critical issue because it directly relates to the image of company, development of community, social responsibility, members’ satisfaction and long-term strategy for company’s success. In company, leader always plays an important role and has the most crucial effect on business ethic. A leader has most crucial effect on business ethic. The ethical leader makes decision ethically, and the leader encourages ethical activities and management in a company. Furthermore, the ethical leader influences on members’ ethical activities. Because members follow an example of the ethical leader as a role model, they believe through ethical activities they would gain reward and profit. Organizational citizenship behavior is one of ethical activities which means prosocial and extra-role behavior, and it influences members’ and organizational performance. Thus, the ethical leader would effect on member’s ethical activities positively such as organizational citizenship behavior. In this relationship between the ethical leader and members activities, this study asserts that members’ cognition and perception about the leader would influence on their activities such as organizational citizenship behavior. It means that members’ attitudes about the leader would increase the leader’s influence, so members’ would act differently. When members accept the leader’s influence since then want to establish a satisfying self-defining relationship to the leader identification would occur. Internalization would occur when members accept influences from leader because values are connected with the leader. Compliance would happen when members accept influence since they need or want to achieve a favorable reaction from the leader. Hence, when member’s have identification, internalization or compliance about the ethical leader, they would increase their organizational citizenship behavior because the ethical leader’s influence would increase. For empirical analysis of this research, we used survey questionnaire to validate the proposed hypotheses and the questionnaire is structured in a self-report way to investigate the perceptions of the respondents. The data for this research were collected from the eleven companies in Seoul. The result of empirical analysis are showed as follows the ethical leadership has positive influence on organizational citizenship behavior. And only identification has positive moderating effect between the ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. However, internalization has no meaning as a moderating effect between the ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, compliance has negative moderating effect between the ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. According to empirical analysis of this study, it shows identification with the leader makes the leader’s influence. Thus, the leader should understand importance of identification and tries to increase it. On the contrary, compliance has negative effect, so leader should motivate members beyond transactional relationship which is founded on reward and punishment. For the business ethics, the leader should have ethical leadership. Furthermore, the leader tries to influence members’ identification with him or her. Then members would act more ethically just like increase organizational citizenship behavior. As a result of this relationship, the performance that is from members would be increased, and company would manage and operate more ethically. To sum up, this paper emphasizes that the importance of ethical leadership in business ethics, and leader motivates their members to do ethical activities(organizational citizenship behavior) with identification, internalization and comply with leader’s needs, furthermore, make efforts to improve performance.

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